储能技术发展概况研究

A survey on the development of energy storage technologies

我国能源建设面临的主要问题有人均能源储备量少,能源开发利用设备和技术落后,环境污染严重等。因此,研究价值高、应用前景广阔的储能技术,已受到科技界和企业界的密切关注,成为国际能源界研究的热点之一。储能方式主要有物理储能、化学储能、电磁储能和相变储能四大类型,其中物理储能包括抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能、飞轮储能及高温熔岩等;化学储能包括铅酸、锂离子、钠硫和液流等电池储能;电磁储能包括超级电容储能、超导储能和超级电池;相变储能包括蓄热和蓄冷储能等。对储能技术进行分类介绍,对其工作原理、技术现状、发展前景及优缺点进行了讨论,为进一步研究储能技术提供参考。

The major problems for the energy construction in China today are low per capita energy reserves,outdated equipment and technologies for energy exploitation and utilization,and serious environmental pollution,etc.Therefore,the scientific and technological circles and enterprises have increasingly paid close attention to the energy storage technologies which have great research values and a vast range of prospects in applications.Those technologies have also become one of the research highlights in the global energy industry.There are four main patterns for energy storage,the physical energy storage,the chemical energy storage,the electromagnetic energy storage,and the phase change energy storage.In this paper,the energy storage technologies were introduced and their working principles,status quo,development prospects and merits or defects were discussed,which provides a reference for the further research of energy storage technologies.