听小骨空间结构相关形态学研究

Morphologic study on spatial structure of ossicles

目的探讨听小骨在鼓室内相对空间位置结构,为听小骨的空间定位提供数据,为听骨链重建术提供相关解剖学依据。方法 10%福尔马林固定的完整成年男性头颅20个(40例),解剖并测量锤骨柄长轴、锤骨头颈长轴、砧骨长突、镫骨长轴分别与水平面、矢状面夹角,锤骨柄与锤骨头颈长轴夹角、锤砧关节夹角及砧骨与镫骨间夹角。结果锤骨柄长轴与水平面、矢状面夹角分别为(44.89±11.66)°、(41.92±11.68)°,锤骨头颈长轴与水平面、矢状面夹角分别为(41.94±11.14)°、(39.48±10.11)°,砧骨长突与水平面、矢状面夹角分别为(43.50±11.27)°、(35.84±12.39)°,镫骨长轴分别与水平面、矢状面夹角为(25.93±10.39)°、(58.19±8.19)°,锤骨柄与锤骨头颈长轴夹角(140.93±10.43)°、锤砧关节夹角(96.19±13.82)°、砧骨与镫骨间夹角(104.27±9.22)°。结论听骨链在鼓室内的空间排列呈斜体"N"型。

Objective To investigate spatial structure of ossicles in tympanum, and provide anatomic data for spatial localization and digital reconstruction of auditory ossicular chain. Methods 20 （40 sides） adult male skull specimens fixed by formalin were dissected. The angles between long axis of the handle of malleus, the head and neck of malleus, the long crus of incus, the stapes and the horizontal, sagittal planes were measured respectively, as well the angles between the handle of malleus and the long axis of head and neck of malleus, malleoincudal joint, and the angle between incus and stapes. Results The angles between the long axis of handle of malleus and horizontal plane, the sagittal plane were （44.89±11.66）°,（41.92±11.68）° respectively; that between long axis of head and neck of malleus and horizontal plane, sagittal plane were（41.94±11.14）°,（39.48±10.11）°respectively; that between long crus of incus and horizontal plane, sagittal plane were（43.50±11.27）°,（35.84±12.39）°respectively; that between long axis of stapes and horizontal plane, sagittal plane were（25.93±10.39）°,（58.19±8.19）°respectively; that between the handle of malleus and long axis of head and neck of malleus was （140.93±10.43 ）°, that between malleoincudal joint was （96.19±13.82）°, and that between incus and stapes was （104.27±9.22）°. Conclusions Auditory ossicular chain in tympanic cavity arranges as italic ＂N＂ .