蚕蛹替代鱼粉对框鳞镜鲤幼鱼生长性能、体成分及健康状况的影响

Effect of dietary replacement of fish meal protein with silkworm pupae on the growth performance,body composition,and health status of Cyprinus carpio var.specularis fingerlings

为研究蚕蛹替代鱼粉对框鳞镜鲤幼鱼生长性能、体成分及健康状况的影响,试验配制含10%鱼粉的基础饲料(CP 36.18%,EE 5.18%)和蚕蛹替代50%鱼粉蛋白的蚕蛹饲料(CP 35.38%,EE 5.06%),饱食饲喂饲养于室内循环水养殖系统中的框鳞镜鲤幼鱼(12.10±0.89)g 61 d,日投喂3次。结果显示,蚕蛹组与鱼粉组的末体质量、增重率、特定增长率、饲料系数、成活率等生长性能指标,肥满度、内脏指数、脾脏指数、肝胰脏指数、肠指数等生物学性状指标,以及全鱼、肌肉、肝胰脏的一般营养成分均无显著性差异(P>0.05);蚕蛹组全鱼Lys水平和肌肉Tyr水平,肌肉C14∶0、C16∶1n-7、C18∶1n-7水平显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05),C18∶3n-3、∑n-3PUFA水平显著高于鱼粉组(P<0.05),肝胰脏C18∶3n-3、C22∶5n-3水平显著高于鱼粉组(P<0.05),动脉粥样硬化指数(IA)和促凝血指数(IT)差异不显著(P>0.05);蚕蛹组和鱼粉组血清生化指标无显著性差异(P>0.05);蚕蛹组和鱼粉组的前肠和中肠肠道褶皱高度、褶皱密度、褶皱宽度、粘膜下层厚度没有明显差异(P>0.05),蚕蛹组前肠肌层显著较鱼粉组薄(P<0.05),中肠没有显著差异(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,综合考虑其生长指标、体成分、血清生化指标及肠道组织结构形态,蚕蛹替代框鳞镜鲤日粮中50%鱼粉蛋白对机体氨基酸和脂肪酸组成有一定影响,但不影响框鳞镜鲤的健康状况,且有促进生长及饲料利用的趋势。

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of fish meal （FM） with silkworm pupae（SWP） on juvenile Cyprinus carpio var. specularis[ （12.10 ± 0.89 ） g]. FM diet（ fish meal 10% ,silkworm pupae 0% , CP 36. 18% , EE 5. 18% ）and SWP diet（ fish meal 5%, silkworm pupae 5.5 % , CP 35.38% , EE 5.06% ）were formulated to feed the fish three times daily to visual satiety in indoor circulating water system for 61 days. The results showed that final body weight （FBW）, weight gain rate （ WGR）, special growth rate （ SGR）, protein efficiency ratio （ PER）, feed conversion ratio （ FCR）, survival rate（SR） of the SWP group and FM group were not significantly different（ P 〉 0.05 ）, while no difference was found in condition factor （ CF）, viscerossomatic index （ Ⅵ）, hepatosomatic index （ HI）, spleen index （SI） ,intestine index（ Ⅱ）, as well as the content of moisture, crude lipid, crude protein, crude ash of the fish tissue（P 〉 0.05 ）. The contents of Lys in whole body and Tyr in muscle of SWP group were significantly lower than those in FM group（P 〈0.05）. The contents of C14： 0,C16：ln-7 and C18：ln-7 in muscle of SWP group were significantly lower than those in FM group,and the contents of C18：3n-3 and ∑n-3PUFA in muscle of SWP group were significantly higher than those in FM group（P 〈 0.05）. On the other hand,the contents of C18：3n-3 and C22：5n-3 in hepatopancreas of SWP group were significantly higher than those in FM group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. No significant difference was found in serum biochemical indices, index of atherogenicity（IA） and index of thrombogenicity （IT） between the two groups （ P 〉 0.05 ）. There are no significant differences in mucosa amount,mucosa height,mucosa width and submucosa thickness of foregut and midgut（P 〉 0.05 ）, however, the muscular coat thickness of foregut was significantly lower in SWP group than FM group （P 〈 0.05 ）. It is concluded that silkworm pupae is an acceptable alternative animal protein source,which can replace up to 50% of fish meal protein in C. carpio var. specularis diet without significant adverse impact on the health status, althought it affects the tissue amino acid and fatty acids profiles,and has a tendency to promote the growth performance and feed utilization.