配合饲料替代杂鱼对中华绒螯蟹生长发育、体成分及脂肪酸组成的影响

Effects of formulated dietary replacement of trash fish on growth performance, body composition and fatty acid composition of Eriocheir sinensis

通过分别投喂配合饲料和天然杂鱼,研究配合饲料替代杂鱼对中华绒螯蟹生长发育、体成分及脂肪酸组成的影响。试验池塘设在上海市崇明县水产技术推广站特色水产养殖基地,每种饵料设3个平行。试验时间为2010年4月至11月,养殖结束后统计各试验组的存活率、体质量、产量,并随机取样测定各试验组雌雄蟹的肝胰腺指数、性腺指数、出肉率,同时测定肝胰腺、性腺和肌肉中水分、总脂、粗蛋白含量及脂肪酸组成。结果显示,杂鱼组和配合饲料组蟹的存活率、体质量、肝胰腺指数、性腺指数、出肉率等指标均无显著差异(P>0.05);杂鱼组雌雄蟹肝胰腺及雄蟹肌肉中水分含量极显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.01);杂鱼组雌雄蟹肝胰腺、性腺及雌蟹肌肉中总脂含量均显著低于配合饲料组(P<0.05);杂鱼组雌雄蟹肝胰腺中粗蛋白含量均显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05),但杂鱼组雌蟹卵巢中粗蛋白含量极显著低于配合饲料组(P<0.01)。配合饲料组雌蟹肝胰腺游离脂肪酸含量显著高于杂鱼组(P<0.05),磷脂含量杂鱼组显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05);配合饲料组雌蟹卵巢和肌肉甘油三酯含量均显著高于杂鱼组(P<0.05或P<0.01),游离脂肪酸和磷脂含量则杂鱼组显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05或P<0.01);雌蟹肌肉中胆固醇含量配合饲料组极显著高于杂鱼组(P<0.01)。两组饵料雄蟹肝胰腺各脂类组成无显著差异;精巢中甘油三酯及游离脂肪酸含量为杂鱼组显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.01),磷脂含量为杂鱼组显著低于配合饲料组(P<0.05);雄蟹肌肉胆固醇含量配合饲料组显著低于杂鱼组(P<0.05)。杂鱼组雄蟹肝胰腺和肌肉中LOA含量极显著或显著低于配合饲料组(P<0.01或P<0.05),而杂鱼组雄蟹肌肉中ARA含量显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05);杂鱼组雌蟹卵巢中LNA、ARA和DHA的含量极显著或显著低于配合饲料组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。研究结果表明,适宜的配合饲料替代杂鱼全程养殖中华绒螯蟹成蟹对其生长发育无显著负面影响,而对其体成分组成及脂肪酸组成有一定影响。

Effects of replacement of trash fish with formulated diets on growth performance, body composition and fatty acid composition of Chinese mitten crab（ Eriocheir sinensis）were investigated in this study. The culture tests were carried out at Chongming County, Shanghai, which lasted 240 days, from March to November. The survival and weight gain of each treatment were counted after breeding. Random sampling and then the hepatopancreas index（ HSI）, gonad index （ GSI）, meat percentage, body composition and fatty acid composition of each tissue of both male and female crab were determined. The result indicated that the formulated diets treatment had no significant influence on trash fish treatment in survival,weight gain, HSI, GSI and meat percentage （P 〉 0.05 ）. The moisture content in hepatopancreas of female and male crab of trash fish treatment were significantly higher than the formulated diets treatment（P 〈 0.01 ）, and the moisture content in meat of male crab of trash fish treatment was significantly higher than that of formulated diets treatment（P 〈0.01 ）. Total lipid in hepatopancreas and gonad of female and male crab of trash fish group were significantly lower than that of formulated diets （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and total lipid in meat of female crab of trash fish was significantly lower than that of formulated diets （P 〈 0.05 ）. Crude protein in hepatopancreas of female and male crab of trash fish was significantly higher than that of formulated diets（ P 〈 0.05 ） ,while crude protein in ovary of female crab of trash fish was significantly lower than that of formulated diets（ P 〈 0.05 ）. Free fatty acid （ FAA ） in hepatopancreas of female of formulated diets treatment was significantly higher than trash fish treatment （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and phospholipids （ PL ） content in hepatopancreas of female of trash fish treatment was significantly higher than formulated diets treatment（P 〈 0.05 ）. Triglycerides（TG） in both ovary and muscle of female of formulated diets treatment were significantly higher than trash fish treatment（P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）, while FAA and PL contents of female of trash fish treatment were significantly higher than formulated diets treatment in ovary and muscle（P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01 ）. Cholesterol （CHO） in muscle of female of trash fish treatment was significantly higher than formulated diets treatment （ P 〈 0.01 ）. There were no significantly differences in hepatopancreas of two treatments （ P 〉 0.05 ）. FAA and TG in testis of trash fish treatment were significantly higher than formulated diets treatment（ P 〈 0.01 ）, while PL in testis of trash fish treatment was significantly lower than formulated diets treatment（ P 〈 0.05 ）. CHO in muscle of male of formulated diets treatment was significantly lower than trash fish treatment （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Linolic acid（ C18： 2n-6）in hepatopancreas and meat of male crab of trash fish were significantly lower than that of compound feed（ P 〈 0.01 or P 〈 0.05 ）, while ARA（ C20： 4n-6） in meat of trash fish was significantly higher than that of compound feed（ P 〈 0.05 ）. Linolenic acid （ C18 ： 3n-3 ）, DHA （ C22： 6n-3 ） and ARA in ovary of female crab of trash fish were significantly lower than those of compound feed （ P 〈 0.01 or P 〈 0.05）. The results obtained from the present study indicated that suitable compound feed replacement of trash fish had no significant influence on growth and development of crab, while body composition and fatty acid composition of crab changed with different feeds.