地下水流系统理论与研究方法的发展

Development of the Theory and Research Method of Groundwater Flow System

地下水流系统理论的提出,推动了现代水文地质学的发展。以Tóth经典地下水流系统理论建立方法为基础,综述了基于Tóth方法的地下水流系统的模拟成果,分析了Tóth方法得出的水流模式与控制因素的关系,以及地下水流系统理论从概念到实际应用的发展。同时,对中国地质大学(武汉)提出的地下水流系统通量上边界模拟方法也进行了系统论述,在物理模拟实验与数值模拟基础上,认为通量上边界分析方法是对Tóth方法的改进与完善,有利于对地下水流系统发育的物理机制理解;该方法能够更全面认识地下水流系统模式及其转化,定量出各影响因素对地下水流模式的控制关系。最后指出地下水流系统理论是当代水文地质学的核心概念框架,应该重视地下水流系统理论物理机制和数学模拟方法的研究,加强新技术方法的引入,拓宽其应用领域的研究等。

The theory of groundwater flow system promotes the development of the modern hydrogeololgy. Based on the establishing method of T6th＇s classical theory of groundwater flow system, the paper summarizes the modelling achievement of the groundwater flow system which was based on the T6th＇s method, analyzes the relationship between the flow patterns and the controlling factors, and the development of the theory of groundwater flow system from conception to practical application. At the same time, the paper expounds the numerical simulation of groundwater flow patterns using upper flux boundary proposed by China University of Geosciences （Wuhan）. Based on the physical sandbox simulation experiment and numerical simulation, we consider that the numerical simulation method of groundwater flow patterns using upper flux boundary improves and perfects the Toth＇s method which is based on upper constant head boundary. The new method is very helpful to understand the physical mechanism of groundwater flow system and the groundwater flow system mode and its transformation and also be able to quantify the relationship bewteen various control factors and the groundwater flow mooe.At last, the paper points out that the theory of groundwater flow system is the core conceptual framework of modern hydrogeololgy and we should pay attention to the physical mechanism and the mathematical simulation method of the theory of groundwater flow system and strengthen the introduction of new technology and methods, and broaden the research of its application area.