基于低影响开发的城市非点源污染控制技术及其相关进展

Low Impact Development on Urban Nonpoint Source Pollution Control:A Review

低影响开发(low impact development,简称LID)技术与传统城市非点源控制技术相比,具有可持续、分散化、节省投资、与场地开发和景观设计相结合等特点,近年来在国外城市雨洪控制利用和非点源污染控制中得到了迅速发展和广泛应用。首先系统介绍了LID技术的内涵、特点以及与城市传统雨洪污染控制方法的区别,从理念上分析了LID和绿色建筑及绿色基础设施建设体系的区别和联系;然后根据城市非点源污染的产生、迁移路径,将LID划分为单个技术—措施组合—控制体系3个层次,分别介绍了其技术体系和评估方法;进而简要介绍了LID在国内外的相关实践;最后提出了我国开展基于LID的城市非点源污染控制的相关建议。

Comparing to the traditional stormwater management,low impact development （LID） is eharacterized as sustainable,decentralized,investment saving, combining with the site development and landscape design. In recent years, LID has been applied dramatically in cities of foreign developed countries. In this paper,the concept,characters Of LID was systematically introduced. The differences and relationships between LID and traditional methods,as well as green building and green infrastructure,were analyzed briefly. Based on the transporting process of nonpoint source pollution, the technique of LID was developed from the aspect of lot scale, community scale and watershed scale. The technique system and evaluation methods were described, along with the specific practices and experiences. Finally, the related suggestion pertaining to how to develop the control of urban nonpoint source pollution based on LID was given.