森林工程的工业生态学研究发展态势

Development of industrial ecology based on the forest engineering

森林工程是一个独特的生态经济系统,需要利用工业生态学的理论和方法开展研究,以解决其复杂的生物性与工程性复合问题。近年来森林工程领域开辟了采运工程生态学和道路环境生态学两个研究方向,均具有工程研究对象的独特性和研究方法的复合性。笔者分析了采运工程物质流、工业代谢、生命周期评价、清洁化生产、物质减量化、生态效率等方面的研究特色和研究成果,介绍了道路建设和运营使用对湿地、水、大气和土壤的污染机理、扩散规律和治理措施。提出了今后的生态采运理论和技术上的研究需要深入到采运系统的物质流和工业代谢,道路工程环境上的研究需深入到污染物质流和迁移机制、污染阻隔和消减技术、道路工程全生命周期分析评价。

Forest engineering is an unique ecological economy system,which requires using the theory and the methodology of industrial ecology to solve the complex problem of ecology and engineering fields.The research has focused on the fields of logging engineering ecology and road environment ecology.The two fields are of particular engineering study subjects and complex study methodology.In the fields of ecological logging theory and technology,the research must be deepened to the material flow and industrial metabolism within logging systems and widened to cover the area of life cycle assessment,cleaner production,dematerialization,decarbonization and ecological efficiency of logging systems.In the field of road environment,the research needs to cover the material flow and migrating mechanism of pollutants,the separation and subduction technique of pollution,and the life cycle analysis of road engineering.The research characteristics and achievement in the field of logging engineering ecology were introduced including material flow analysis,industrial metabolism,life cycle assessment,dematerialization,cleaner production and ecological efficiency.The study results and the future research in road environment were analyzed,covering the pollution mechanism,the spread mode and the governing measure of pollution to wetlands,water,air and soil by the building and use of roads.