胎儿额骨的发育

Development of the frontal bone in human fetus

目的：探讨胎儿额骨发育规律。方法：收集5～38周整周龄胚胎标本180例，制成透明标本，观察测量额骨骨化径线，将所测数据代入公式，计算额骨弯曲部位实际骨化长度，进行相关回归分析。结果：胎儿额骨骨化时间为7～38周，最早眉弓，最晚眶上缘。第13-14周额鳞出现矢状骨化弯曲，19-20周出现冠状弯曲。第37-38周，额鳞矢状骨化长度57．35mm＋1．59mm；冠状骨化长度47．14mm±0．48mm。相关分析显示，额骨各骨化径线与胎龄呈高度正相关；建立4个回归方程，可根据胎龄推算额骨各骨化径线长度。结论：额鳞矢状弯曲较冠状弯曲出现时间早，矢状骨化速度大于冠状骨化速度。

Objective： To obtain the developmental regularity of the frontal bone in the human fetus. Methods： 180 frontal bones of 5-38 week old fetus were observed and measured. All the fetuses were made into transparent specimens and then stained by the Aliz- arin red with the Noback＇s method. The diameter of the ossified fetal frontal bone was measured, and the results were transferred into the formula. The length of ossified of frontal bone was calculated, and then the correlation and regression analysis were per- formed. Results： The ossification period of the fetal frontal bone was at 7-38 week. The first ossified area was the superciliary arch, and the last was the supraobit margin. A sagittal curved ossification of the frontal squama appeared at 13-14 week, mad a coronal curved ossification were observed at 19-20 week. The length of the sagittal and coronal ossification part of the frontal squama was 57. 35-＋-1.59 mm and 47. 14_--4-0. 48 mm respectively at 37-38 weeks. A high positive correlation was obtained between each ossifica- tion diameter of the frontal bone and gestational age Four regression equations were obtained, from which the ossification diameters of the frontal bone could be estimated according to the gestational age Conclusion： The sagittal curved ossification of the frontal squama appeared earlier than the coronal, and the speed of sagittal ossification was faster than that of the coronal.