健康成人颈动脉和椎动脉颅外段的超声特征解剖学分析

Anatomical analysis of ultrasonic features of extracranial portion of the carotid and vertebral arteries in healthy adults

目的：探讨成人颈总动脉、颈内动脉、椎动脉彩色多普勒超声检查的内部结构特征，分析其与年龄、性别、身高、体质量的关系。方法：对144例20-39岁健康成人采用彩色多普勒超声检查，检测血管内径、颈总动脉中膜厚度，并进行统计分析。结果：经相关分析，年龄与颈总动脉中膜厚度的相关系数左侧为0．345，右侧0．270；身高与颈总动脉内径的相关系数左侧为0．345，右侧0．346；体质量与颈总动脉内径的相关系数左侧为0．358，右侧0．337；身高与颈内动脉内径的相关系数左侧为0．341，右侧0．264；体质量与颈内动脉内径的相关系数左侧为0．345，右侧0．309；以上侧间差异均有统计学意义。性别对颈内动脉内径的影响更大一些，并且通过影响身高、体质量而间接影响颈总动脉内径。两侧颈总动脉、两侧椎动脉内径常有不同，左侧椎动脉的狭窄比例为6．25％，右侧为24．31％。结论：对颈总动脉中膜厚度影响的主要因素是年龄和体质量；对颈总动脉内径影响的主要因素是身高和体质量，同时，颈总动脉内径大小两侧经常不同；对颈内动脉内径影响的主要因素是性别、身高和体质量；而对椎动脉内径影响的因素较复杂，两侧椎动脉内径不同。

Objective： To investigate the color Doppler features of the common and internal carotid arteries and vertebral ar- teries, and analyze the correlations of these features to age, gender, body height and weight. Methods： Color Doppler ultra- sonography of the common and internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries was performed in Chinese adults aged 20 to 39 years, and the internal diameter and intima-media thickness of the blood vessels were measured and statistically analyzed. Results： In this age group, the correlation coefficients between age and the intima-media thickness of common carotid artery were 0. 345 on the left side and 0. 270 on the right side The correlation coefficients between body weight and the intima-media thickness of common carotid artery were 0. 345 on the left side and 0. 346 on the right sid~ The correlation coefficients between body height and the intima-media thickness of common carotid artery were 0. 341 on the left side and 0. 264 on the right sid~ The correlation co- efficients between body weight and the internal diameter of internal carotid artery were 0. 345 on the left side and 0. 309 on the right sid~ The correlation between gender and the internal diameter of intemal carotid artery was significant. Moreover, body height and weight further impacted the internal diameter of the common carotid artery. The internal diameter of the common carotid artery dif- fered significantly between the two sides. The internal diameter of vertebral arteries differed significantly between the two sides. The detected rates of stenosis of vertebral artery were 6. 25% on the left and 24. 31% on the right. Conclusion： In adults aged 20 to 39 years, major factors that correlate significantly to the intima-media thickness of common carotid artery are age and body weight, and major factors that correlate significantly to the internal diameter of the common carotid artery are body height and weight. Moreover, the internal diameter of the common carotid artery usually differs between both side Major factors that correlate significantly to the internal diameter of the internal carotid artery are gender, body height and weight. Multiple factors may influence the intemal diame- ter of the vertebral artery, which may vary between both sides.