天然组织去细胞技术的研究进展

Recent Research Progress of Decellularization of Native Tissues

由细胞外基质(ECM)组成的生物支架材料通常从组织或器官去细胞衍生而来。经去细胞处理的组织和器官已广泛应用于组织工程和再生医学。最理想的去细胞技术是保存ECM完整的组成成分和三维超微结构,但所有的去细胞方法都会导致结构的破坏和组成成分潜在的丢失。从组织中有效地去除细胞依赖于来源的组织和所用的物理、化学和酶的试剂。这些处理影响ECM支架的生物化学组成、组织的超微结构和力学性能,进而影响宿主对支架材料的反应。最优的保存ECM支架完整性和生物活性的去细胞方法是在处理过程中对试剂和技术的使用作出正确的选择。本文总结并分类目前常用的去细胞方法和不同方法对生物支架的作用特点,并对最近提出的抗原去除策略做一综述。

Biologic scaffold materials composed of extracellular matrix （ECM） are typically obtained in processes that involve decellularization of tissues or organs. Decellularized tissues and organs have been successfully used in a varie ty of tissue engineering/regenerative medicine applications. Preservation of the complex composition and threedi mensional ultrastructure of the ECM is highly desirable but it is recognized that all methods of deeellularization result in disruption of the structure and potential loss of composition. The efficiency of cell removal from a tissue is depend ent on the origin of the tissue and the physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods that are used. Each of these treat ments affects the biochemical composition, tissue ultrastructure, and mechanical behavior of the remaining ECM scaffold, and all of the treatment methods affect the host response to the material as well. Tissue decellularization with preservation of ECM integrity and bioactivity can be optimized by making correct decisions regarding the agents and techniques utilized during processing. In this paper, the most commonly used decellularization methods are de scribed, and consideration given to the effects of these methods upon the biologic scaffold material and recently de scribed antigen removal strategy are presented.