氮、磷、钾、钙对香水百合生长及叶片养分含量的影响

The effects of N,P,K,and Ca on plant growth and nutrient content of Lily leaves

以盆栽香水百合为试验材料,采用氮、磷、钾、钙四因素四水平L16(44)正交试验设计方法,研究了不同肥料配比对香水百合株高、叶片数、叶面积、叶绿素和叶片中氮、磷、钾、钙含量变化的影响,旨在揭示香水百合需肥规律,为其规范化栽培提供依据。结果表明,1)氮肥对株高、叶面积、叶绿素影响显著,基本呈极显著正相关,氮肥为300mg/kg时株高、叶片数、叶面积和叶绿素均最高;磷肥、钙肥与株高、叶片数、叶面积、叶绿素呈正相关;磷肥100～150mg/kg、钾肥150mg/kg、钙肥120mg/kg时叶面积、叶绿素最高。2)叶片中氮、磷、钾、钙养分含量均呈先升高后下降的变化趋势,在现蕾期或初花期达到最高,现蕾期后不同处理间叶片养分含量差异显著。氮肥200～300mg/kg、磷肥100mg/kg、钾肥0～300mg/kg时四者含量均最高。3)综合考虑各因素,最佳配比组合为氮300mg/kg、磷100mg/kg、钾150mg/kg、钙120mg/kg,该处理的香水百合生长状况最佳,株高增长快,叶片质量高,且叶中养分含量高,叶片磷、钾、钙积累持续时间长。

The effects of different fertilizations on plant height,leaf number,leaf area,and chlorophyll and on nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium changes in leaf indexes of potted lilies were studied using an orthogonal design to explore fertilizer requirements and provide a basis for standardizing cultivation of lilies.1） Nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects and was generally highly significantly positively correlated with plant height,leaf area and chlorophyll content.Plant height,leaf number,leaf area and chlorophyll were highest when nitrogen was 300 mg/kg.Phosphorus and calcium were positively correlated with plant height,leaf number,leaf area and chlorophyll content.Leaf area and chlorophyll content were highest when phosphorus was 100-150 mg/kg,potassium was150 mg/kg,and calcium was 120 mg/kg.2） During the whole growth period,total leaf nutrient content was highest when nitrogen was 200-300 mg/kg,phosphorus was 100 mg/kg and potassium was 0-150 mg/kg.There was an increase to a maximum at budding or initial bloom stages,and then either a slight or a strong decrease.Under different fertilization ratios,the contents of leaf nutrition differed significantly after the budding stage.3） The best combination was： N,300 mg/kg;P,100 mg/kg;K,150 mg/kg;and Ca,120 mg/kg.This ratio led to optimal growth conditions,highest growth speed,best leaf quality,highest leaf nutrient content and longest period of P,K,and Ca accumulation of the Lily.