德、法、奥对精神打击法律救济的比较与启示

Comparison and Enlightenment of Legal Remedies against Nervous Shock in Germany,France,and Austria

精神打击是指自然人因精神上遭受严重打击或者持久刺激而导致的,独立于身体权、健康权等权利损害的且非一般可容忍的可辨别性损害。司法实践中精神打击一般难以得到法律救济。德、法、奥对精神打击的法律救济虽有不同,但也有殊途同归之效。精神打击的法律救济中渗透着丰富的法政策考量,其本质是权益救济和行为自由的冲突与协调问题。对于符合法定条件的纯粹精神损害应该给予法律救济,但是要通过一系列制度防止法律救济机制的滥用。

Nervous shock is an identifiable and not tolerable damage of a natural person suffered after a serious blow or a lasting stimulation,which is independent of the body right,the health right and other rights.Generally,it is difficult to obtain relief based on nervous shock.Although legal remedies against nervous shock in Germany,France,and Austria have many differences,they can come to the same result.In effect,it is related to the confliction and coordination between the victims ＇ rights relief and the protection of freedom of action.On the one hand,the law should give relief to the pure psychiatric damage which meets certain condition.On the other hand,we should draw lessons from foreign experience,and to design necessary restrictive measures,avoiding the abuse of this system.