“赞”文分类与《文选》录“赞”

Research on "Zan's" Category and Choice of "Zan" in Wenxuan

汉魏以来,因应不同场合与需要,赞文创作蔚为大观,可分为散文之赞和韵语之赞两类。散文之赞主要有经赞和史论赞,分别重在阐明与评论;韵语之赞主要有仪赞、画赞、史述赞和杂赞,为赞文之主体。其文或与仪式活动相关,或阐明图画、赞颂人像,或用于史书中概述大意、兼行褒贬,或随地取材、因材施赞。其体以四言体为主,兼有五言、七言、杂言,甚或骚、赋诸体,通篇押韵,多为隔句用韵,或一韵到底,或每四句、六句抑或八句、十句一换韵,或无一定之规,通篇灵活换韵。入选萧统《文选》的赞文,在类型上分属画赞、人物杂赞、史述赞和史论赞,其得以入选,主要在于情辞之美。

For different occasions and needs,a large number of Zan have appeared since the Han Dynasty and the Wei Dynasty.Zan may be divided into the prose Zan and the rhyme Zan.The prose Zan mainly included the classic Zan and the Shilun Zan.They respectively emphasized explanation and comment.As the main body of Zan,the rhyme Zan mainly includes Yi Zan,Hua Zan,Shishu Zan and Za Zan.They may be relevant to the ceremonial activities,or explain picture,or praise portrait,or generalize the main content,or praise and criticize in the history books.In addition,they may be without limited content.The type is four word sentence in the whole Zan.The type also include five word sentence,or seven word sentence in the whole Zan.In addition,it may includes kinds of sentences,or Sao Ti,or Fu Ti.The rhyme may be all over the whole Zan.It mainly be one rhyme in every two sentences,or four sentences,or six sentences,or eight sentences,or ten sentences,or without the limit.The Zan in Xiao Tong＇s Wen Xuan respectively belong to the Hua Zan,the Za Zan,the Shi Shu Zan and Shi Lun Zan.They are selected mainly because of the beauty of emotion and diction.