略论避暑山庄的历史地位和作用

On Historical Status and Role of Chengde Mountain Resort

承德避暑山庄不仅是难得的避暑胜地,而且曾经是清王朝的第二政治中心。它和"康乾盛世"许多重要历史事件、重要历史人物有着密切的联系。清帝兴建避暑山庄的政治意义要远远大于它的避暑用意,山庄的兴建是清政府联络蒙古各部及巩固北部边防的一项重要措施。蒙古王公未出痘者,除扈从皇帝行围而外,还要在山庄觐见。随着众蒙古的相继来归,觐见者日益增多。山庄的建立使清政府与蒙古各部的联系更加紧密,康乾二帝通过接见、册封、赐宴、赏赉等形式,为自己树立了崇高的政治威信。清帝每年用近半年的时间在口外从事政治、军训活动。避暑山庄是其引见官吏、接见各民族王公贵族、外国使节及处理朝政,举行各种政治活动的场所,实际上成为清帝处理民族事务、加强北部边防的政治中心,在建立中国统一的多民族国家的历史进程中发挥了特殊作用。

Chengde Mountain Resort is not only a rare summer resort, but it litical center of the Qing Dynasty. It has the close relation with many important the flourishing age of Emperor Kangxi and Qianlong＇s reign. The political signifi also used to be the second po- historical events and figures in canoe of building the mountain resort is beyond escaping the summer heat, which is an important measure for the Qing government to contact with Mongolian tribes and consolidate the northern border. The Mongolian princes and dukes are interviewed in- side the mountain resort besides hunting followed with the emperor. The establishment of the Mountain Resort makes the Qing government have a more close relation with Mongolian tribes. Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong set up lofty political authority for themselves through many kinds of forms such as the interview, confer- ring titles of nobility on some people, giving feasts or rewards etc. The Qing emperors used to spend half a year every year in political and military training activities. In reality, the Mountain Resort becomes the political center where the emperor deals with national affairs and strengthens the northern border by meeting officials, receiving the national nobility and diplomatic envoy, which plays a special role in establishing China＇s unifed multinational country.