1994-2010年浙江自然疫源性疾病高发区鼠类综合监测和肾综合征出血热疫苗防病效果研究

Study on comprehensive monitoring of mouse and effect of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome vaccine in high prevalence areas of natural focus infectious disease of Zhejiang province in 1994 - 2010

目的研究1994--2010年浙江自然疫源性疾病高发区鼠类综合监测机制和肾综合征出血热（HFRS）疫苗防病效果。方法于1994--2010年每年8、9月份用夹夜法定点调查龙游县溪口镇鼠类种群构成、密度及鼠肺汉坦病毒（HV）带毒率。选择该镇16～60岁男女健康人群，以自然村为单位，按接种组和对照组各半，年龄、性别、职业构成基本均衡的原则分组（接种组10178名，对照组16159名），接种组接种HFRS乳鼠脑纯化（Ⅰ型）灭活疫苗，对照组未采取任何干预措施。用疫苗保护率评价防病效果。结果16年间鼠类种群构成比变化不大，均以黑线姬鼠为主，占76．5％（564／737）。鼠类总密度平均为4．73％（1170／24727），总带毒率平均为3．87％（41／1033）：1994-1995年鼠类总密度为22．82％（186／815），带毒率为7．0％（10／143）；2009-2010年鼠类总密度下降到2．75％（119／4330），带毒率为5．5％（13／237）。2005-2010年鼠血HV抗体阳性率平均为4．8％（35／728），2005-2010年鼠血HV抗体阳性率分别为4．4％（6／138）、0．0％（0／113）、11．8％（16／136）、1．0％（1／104）、3．7％（4／109）、6．3％（8／128）（P〈0．01）。接种组发病1例，对照组发表41例，疫苗人群保护率为96．2％。结论浙江省疫区鼠类密度下降明显，HFRS带毒率稳定，疫苗防病效果较好。

Objective To study the comprehensive monitoring mechanism of mouse and the effect of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome （ HFRS ） vaccine in the high prevalence areas of natural focus infectious disease of Zhejiang province in 1994 - 2010. Methods The night trapping method was used to monitor the population proportion, density and the rate of hantavirus （HV） carriers in mice in Xikou township Longyou county in August and September from 1994 to 2010. The healthy residents in Xikou township aged 16 to 60 years were recruited. The subjects were randomly selected as vaccination group and control group according to age, sex, occupational distribution （10 178 in intervention group and 16 159 in control group）. Intervention group was given purified and inactivated vaccine from suckling mouse brain, while the control group received no intervention. The prevention effect was evaluated by protective rate of vaccine. Results The mouse population was stable in the sixteen years and the apodemus agrarius was the main type （76. 5 % （564/737） ）. The average density of mouse was 4. 73 % （ 1170/24 727 ）. The average rate of virus carrier of mouse was 3.87% （41/1033）. In 1994 - 1995, the density of mouse was 22. 82%（186/815） and the rate of virus carrier was 7.0% （10/143）. In 2009 -2010, the density of mouse decreased to 2. 75% （119/4330） and the rate of virus carrier was 5.5% （ 13/237 ）. The average antibody positive rate of mouse from 2005 to 2010 was 4. 8% （35/728） and the rate was 4.4% （6/138）, 0. 0% （ 0/ 113）, 11.8% （16/136） ,1.0% （1/104）, 3.7% （4/109）and 6.3% （8/128）in each year（P 〈0. 01）. The protective rate of HFRS vaccine was 96. 2% （ 1 case in intervention group and 41 cases in control group）. Conclusion The density of mouse decreased significantly in Zhejiang province. The rate of virus carrier of mouse is stable. The vaccine is effective.