我国刑事诉讼模式的转型与辩护制度的变革

Transformation of Criminal Procedure Model and Reform of Defense System in China

在古代的弹劾式诉讼和纠问式诉讼后,近现代的诉讼模式主要有职权主义诉讼、当事人主义诉讼和职权主义与当事人主义相混合的诉讼。近代后的中国借鉴了西方职权主义诉讼模式,建立了相应的刑事辩护制度。新中国成立后形成了强职权主义诉讼模式,辩护制度的发展空间狭小。1996年和2012年刑事诉讼法典的修改,借鉴了当事人主义诉讼模式的一些元素,标志着我国刑事诉讼模式向混合式诉讼模式的转型及其持续,并直接引起辩护制度的变革。探讨我国刑事诉讼模式转型的背景、原因、方向和辩护制度与诉讼模式转型的关系,有助于我国刑事诉讼模式和刑事辩护制度的科学发展。

Compared with the impeachable proceeding and the inquisitorial proceeding in antiquity, modem litigation models mainly cover authority doctrine litigation （the inquisitorial system）, party doctrine litigation （the adversary system） and the mixed litigant and power system. Modern China has established the criminal defense system grounded upon the western authority doctrine litigation pattern. After the founding of New China, the strong authority doctrine litigation pattern came into existence, imposing restrictions on the development of the defense system. The modifications of the Criminal Procedure Law in 1996 and 2012 which adopted some elements from the party doctrine litigation model symbolizes our country＇ s transformation from the criminal procedure model to the mixed procedure model and its sustainabillty, directly giving rise to the reform of the defense system. Probing into the background, reasons and direction of our criminal procedure model transformation and its relation with the defense system contributes to the scien- tific development of China＇ s criminal procedure model and the criminal defense system.