鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化及古地理特征研究进展

Study Progress in Tectonic Evolution and Paleogeography of Ordos Basin

鄂尔多斯盆地是华北板块西部典型的克拉通边缘叠合盆地,其发展演化除与华北板块一脉相承外,还受盆地周缘古海槽多期开、合演化的控制与影响,具有其自身的独特性与复杂性。近期研究表明,盆地发展演化至今,主要经历8个阶段:①太古代—早元古代盆地结晶基底形成阶段;②中元古代早期—中期大陆裂解阶段,主要发育陆缘裂谷和陆内拗拉槽;③中元古代晚期—晚元古代早期大陆汇聚阶段,盆地抬升缺失沉积;④晚元古代中期—早古生代中奥陶世盆地边缘裂陷与陆内坳陷阶段,主要发育海相碳酸盐岩台地沉积;⑤早古生代晚奥陶世—晚古生代早石炭世盆地周缘碰撞造山阶段,盆地抬升剥蚀;⑥晚古生代晚石炭世—二叠纪末盆地周缘裂解阶段,主要发育海陆交互相沉积;⑦中生代陆内坳陷阶段,盆地边缘隆起并整体掀斜,主要发育河流相、三角洲相及湖泊相沉积;⑧新生代盆地周缘断陷阶段。其中中元古代古构造格局对盆地后期构造断裂展布、沉积演化、地质流体运移及聚集产生了重要影响。

Ordos Basin is a typical superimposition basin in the edge of cratonin the west of North China Plate,its development and evolution came together with North China plate,was controlled by the evolution of the many –periods opening and closing of ancient sea trough in the basin edge and has its own peculiarity and complexity.Recent studies show that So far the development and evolution of Ordos Basin has undergone eight stages: ① The formation stage of crystalline basement in Archean to early Proterozoic;②The rifting stage in Early to middle Mesoproterozoic,in which continental margin rifts and intracontinental aulacogens grew;③The continental convergence stage in late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic,in which the basin uplifted,causing sedimentation lacuna;④The basin margin rifting and intracontinental depression stage in Middle Neoproterozoic to middle Ordovician of Paleozoic,in which marine carbonate platform deposition mainly grew;⑤The collisional orogenic stage in the basin margin in late Ordovician to early Carboniferous,in which the basin uplifted and suffered erosion;⑥The rifting stage on the margin in late Carboniferous to the end of Permian,in which paralic depositition mainly grew;⑦The depression stage in Mesozoic,in which the basin margin uplifted and tilted and fluvial,delta and lacustrine facies grew;⑧The basin margin faulting stage in Cenozoic.In the stages above,ancient tectonic framework in middle Proterozoic had an important impact on fault extension,deposition evolution,fluid migration and aggregation in the late basin.