证明,当真没有标准吗?——也谈证明标准兼与张卫平老师商榷

Isn't There Any Standard of Proof?

证明标准本身的存在是一种客观事实。在具体分类中,标准一方面可能因主体不同而发生变化,同时社会的发展也会影响证明标准,但这些反映在证明标准具体内容上的不确定并不能否定标准的存在价值,反而更加证明其存在的客观性。证明标准的构建并非在于明确的可操作性,而是在宏观上和理论上建立一种在诉讼中认定事实的理性主义,其实际意义在于给法官提供这样的底气和自信,那就是特定类型的裁判应该坚持对应的主观确信程度。

It is an objective fact that the standard of proof does exist.When it is classified,the standard may vary with the change of the subject.Meanwhile,the development of society may alter the standard of proof.But the uncertainty caused by above reasons does not deny the value of the standard of proof in terms of its content;on the contrary,it proves the objectivity of the standard of proof.To establish such standard is not to pursuit feasibility,but to generally and theoretically establish a rationalism and finality for ascertaining a fact in litigation.The significance of doing so is to enable the judge to be confident,that is,in making specific judgment,the judge shall adhere to corresponding subjective certitude.