眼球直肌动脉的显微解剖及临床意义

Applied Anatomic Study on Ophthalmic Rectus Musculararteries

目的 为眼外直肌手术提供有关眼球直肌动脉的解剖学依据。方法 采用显微解剖和血管铸型技术对 60侧甲醛固定的成人尸头和 4具新鲜尸头眼外直肌的动脉来源、分布规律进行研究。结果 眼直肌的动脉主干主要来自眼动脉本干 ,也可以发自泪腺动脉、视网膜中央动脉、睫状后动脉等较大的动脉分支。直肌的动脉主干可分为单干型、双干型和三干型 ,其入肌前常分成 2～ 5支 ,使入肌前动脉支数多于肌动脉干支数。上、下、外直肌动脉多为单干型 ,分别占 53 .33 % ,91.67% ,68.33 % ,内直肌动脉多为双干型 ,占 75.0 0 % .上、下、内、外直肌动脉的长度分别为 5.68± 1.4 3 ,8.2 2± 1.77,5.2 4± 1.3 2 ,5.85± 1.92 mm。下直肌动脉干入肌前分支最多 ,各直肌内小动脉走行与肌束平行。结论 掌握眼外肌动脉的分布规律 。

Objective To provide the anatomic data of ophthalmic rectus muscular arteries that were related to operation of ophthalmic rectus muscles.Method Using vascular cast and microanatomic method,the rectus muscular arteries were studied on 60 sides of heads and 4 vascular cast specimens.Result The origin of rectus muscular artery was the trunk of ophthalmic artery,sometimes from the lacrimal artery,central artery of the retina and posterior ciliary artery.The main artery stems were divided into three types:single stem type,double stem type and three stem type.The artery commonly branched into 2～5 branches before entering muscle.The arteries of the superior,inferior and lateral rectus muscles were often found in single stem type(53.33%,91.67%,68.33% respectively),but the medial rectus muscle in double stem type(75.00%).The length of the artery of superior,inferior,medial and lateral rectus muscle was 5.68±1.43,8.22±1.77,5.24±1.32 and 5.85±1.92mm respectively.The branches of the arterial stem of inferior muscle were the most among the rectus muscles.The arteries of rectus muscles were in same direction as the bundles of the rectus fibers.Conclusion It is important to master the distribution of ophthalmic rectus muscles in operation of rectus muscles. [