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The Limit of Noether Conserved Charges is the Number of Primary First-Class Constraints in a Constrained System

The Limit of Noether Conserved Charges is the Number of Primary First-Class Constraints in a Constrained System
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摘要 We discuss the stationarity of generator G for gauge symmetries in two directions.One is to the motion equations defined by total Hamiltonian H T,and gives that the number of the independent coefficients in the generator G is not greater than the number of the primary first-class constraints,and the number of Noether conserved charges is not greater than that of the primary first-class constraints,too.The other is to the variances of canonical variables deduced from the generator G,and gives the variances of Lagrangian multipliers contained in extended Hamiltonian H E.And a second-class constraint generated by a first-class constraint may imply a new first-class constraint which can be combined by introducing other second-class constraints.Finally,we supply two examples.One with three first-class constraints(two is primary and one is secondary) has two Noether conserved charges,and the secondary first-class constraint is combined by three second-class constraints which are a secondary and two primary second-class constraints.The other with two first-class constraints(one is primary and one is secondary) has one Noehter conserved charge.
出处 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第10期539-543,共5页 理论物理通讯(英文版)
基金 Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11047020 and 11047173 Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China under Grant Nos.ZR2011AM019,ZR2010AQ025,BS2010DS006,and Y200814 Scientific and Technological Development Projection of Shandong Province,China under Grant No.J08LI56
关键词 gauge symmetries Dirac's conjecture constrained Hamiltonian system Noether 收费 守恒 约束系统 Hamilton量 第二类约束 拉格朗日乘子 发电机
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