肿瘤化疗患者预期性恶心呕吐影响因素研究

Influencing Factors of Anticipatory Nausea and Vomiting in Cancer Patients with Chemotherapy

目的探讨预期性恶心呕吐相关影响因素,以筛选高危人群,为临床治疗及护理提供依据。方法选取至少经历1个化疗周期的160例肿瘤患者,应用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表及社会支持评定量表对其进行调查,分析预期性恶心呕吐发生情况及相关影响因素。结果160例肿瘤患者有74例发生预期性恶心呕吐,发生率为46.3%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示预期性恶心呕吐发生的危险因素包括首次经历化疗时恶心呕吐程度重、使用含铂类化疗方案、化疗周期较多、焦虑、抑郁和社会支持不足(P<0.05)。结论预期性恶心呕吐在肿瘤化疗患者中具有较高的发生率,其发生与多种高危因素密切相关,化疗前采取一定的预防措施可以减少恶心呕吐的发生,提高患者的生活质量,保证化疗顺利进行。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of anticipatory nausea and vomiting （ANV） in patients with cancer, to find out high-risk groups and to provide empirical basis for clinical therapy and nursing. Methods A total of 160 patients with cancer received more than one chemotherapeutic cycle were surveyed by Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）, Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS） and Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS）. The prevalence and influencing factors of anticipatory nausea and vomiting were analyzed. Results Totally, 74 （46.3%） patients experienced ANV. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that ANV influencing factors included vomiting experience, chemotherapy with platinum, increased chemotherapy cycles, negative emotion and insufficient social support （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of ANV in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy maintains high, which can be influenced by many risk factors. Some preventive measures are favorable for reducing the incidence of ANV and improving the patients＇ quality of life before chemotherapy.