北京延庆西屯墓地出土汉代铜器的科学分析

Studies on the bronzes unearthed from Xitun Cemetery in Yanqing,Beijing

延庆西屯墓地出土的汉代铜器对于了解北京地区汉代铜器文化特征、制作技术以及与周边地区的相互关系,具有十分重要的意义。为进一步揭示该批铜器包含的科学信息,本文对其进行了科学分析检测。结果显示,西屯墓地出土铜器的材质以铜锡铅三元合金为主,仅两件铜盆检测为铜铅二元合金、一件铜带钩为铜锡铅砷四元合金,且三类材质的合金化程度较低。除铜镜外,铜器的合金成分与器物类型之间没有明显关系,可见其青铜技术逐步衰退。多数铜器为铸造而成,根据器物的需要,还在局部采用热锻、热锻后冷加工等加工方式,说明当时的工匠已经能够根据需要应用相关技术。

This paper presents the results of a preliminary examination of 22 bronze objects from the tombs of the Xitun site in Yanqing County, Beijing. As one of the most important discoveries in the early stage of Chinese archeology, the Xitun site unearthed a large number of representative bronze objects of Han Dynasty. Samples including ritual vessels, daily necessities and decorations have been examined by using the optical microscope and the SEM-EDX. The examination results show that Cu-Sn-Ph ternary alloys are the principal, materials for the Xitun bronzes, while a Dai Gou is made of Cu-Sn-Pb-As quaternary alloy and two Pen are made of Cu-Pb binary alloy. The low level of alloying dements and little connection between composition and usability of different objects imply the skill of metalworking has gradually declined. Most of them were made by casting,while others by hot forging and cold working. This implies that workers have been able to use different technology for different purposes.