创业环境对大学生创业意愿的影响:兼对GEM模型的再检验

Influence of Entrepreneurial Environment on Entrepreneurial Intention of College Students:Re-examining GEM Model

基于国内外创业环境和创业意愿的现有研究,构建了基于GEM模型的中国国情下大学生创业环境模型。利用7个城市高校在校大学生进行问卷调查所得的数据,检验了大学生创业环境模型的合理性以及创业环境对大学生创业意愿的影响。研究结论如下:基于GEM模型的大学生创业环境模型能够比较科学地反映中国国情下大学生的创业环境,改善创业环境有助于增强大学生的创业意愿;9个创业环境要素对大学生创业意愿的影响程度不尽相同,即金融支持、政府政策、教育和培训、研发转移和国内市场开放程度对大学生创业意愿的影响显著,政府项目和文化及社会规范对大学生创业意愿具有一定影响,而商业环境和专业基础设施、有形基础设施的可得性对大学生创业意愿的影响不显著。

Through reviewing the existing research on entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial intention at home and abroad,this paper constructs an entrepreneurial environment model based on GEM model which involves the influencing factors of entrepreneurial intention of China's college students.And using the data from the questionnaire survey,it tests the entrepreneurship environment model and the hypotheses.The result shows as follows:the entrepreneurial environment model based on GEM model could reflect scientifically and comprehensively the entrepreneurial environment of China's college students;entrepreneurial environment is one of the important factors affecting college students' entrepreneurial intention,and the improvement of entrepreneurial environment contributes to the promotion of college students' entrepreneurial intention;the influencing factors in this entrepreneurial environment model on college students' entrepreneurial intentions are different,and financial support,government policy,education and training,R&D transfer and market opening influence college students' entrepreneurial intention significantly,and government program and cultural norm have certain impacts,and business environment and infrastructure have relatively less influence.