成人提问的认知水平与模式对5岁儿童问题解决的影响

Effects of the Cognitive Level and Type of Questions on 5 Years Old Children’s Problem Solving

本研究以64名5岁儿童为被试,让儿童解决数量守恒问题,在其解决问题过程中,成人以提问的方式进行干预,提问分为启发和支配两种模式、感知和理解两种认知水平,以考察成人提问的不同认知水平和模式对儿童解决数量守恒问题的影响。结果发现:5岁儿童面对问题情境时,很少主动提问或解释说明自己对问题的想法;成人的提问有助于儿童的问题解决;成人提问的认知水平(感知和理解)不影响儿童的问题解决,但成人提问的模式(启发和支配)影响儿童的问题解决;成人提问的模式和成人提问的认知水平对儿童的问题解决有交互影响。

64 children of 5 years old from kindergartens were selected as subjects. The research explored how the adult questioning influenced the children＇s problem solving by the experimental method. Adult questioning was useful for 5 years old children to solve problem. The mode of questioning which inspired or dominated had different effects on the children＇s problem solving. The mode and the cognitive level of questioning both had effects on the children＇s problem solving.