程式理论及元杂剧的程式化特征

Formula Theory and The Features of the Formula in Yuan Drama

元杂剧这种艺术形式是在民间讲唱艺术的基础上发展起来的。口头程式理论的提出为口头传统的研究提供了一个新的视界。蒙古史诗的程式化特征也存在于元杂剧中,具体表现在作品结构、角色设置、表演规范和故事情节、人物上场诗、情景描绘、民俗文化的表现、语言的运用等方面。元杂剧形成程式化的特征是与讲唱艺术的影响、民族审美传统的改变、技艺的传承、表演的客观条件及作家创作的相互影响和经济利益驱动演员表演的相互模仿等有关。元杂剧和其它讲唱艺术一样,都有程式化的共同特征。

Yuan Drama developed from singing in the folk arts.Oral formula theory offered a new study horizon for the oral tradition.Formula of Mongolian epic features also exist in Yuan Drama,being represented in the structure of compositon,the setting of roles,specifications of performance,the plots of the story,the play poetry of characters,the depicting of scenes,the exhibition of folk culture and the use of language and so on.The formation of the formula in Yuan Drama is connected with the influence of f talking singing art,the national aesthetic tradition changes,skills heritage,the performance changes objective conditions,writers＇ creation interactions,and the performers＇ economiy-and-interests-driven mutual imitation and so on.Yuan Drama,shares common features of formula with other arts of talking singing.