北疆荒漠几种盐生(耐盐)植物抗逆附属结构的初步研究

Four halophytes ( or salt-tolerant species ) and their accessorystructures of leaf related to adversity tolerance in the desert of northern Xinjiang

利用石蜡切片、扫描电镜、临时装片等方法,对北疆荒漠的3种藜科植物—灰绿藜、费尔干猪毛菜、蒙古猪毛菜和1种菊科植物—花花柴的表皮附属结构进行了显微和超微观察研究。结果表明:(1)对四种植物的解剖结构观察显示,其叶片都含有角质层;气孔器下陷;茎中含有大量的维管束;多数种的细胞中含有簇状晶体结构;(2)四种植物表皮附属结构研究表明:花花柴表皮具有多细胞组成的盐腺和表皮毛结构;灰绿藜表皮有大量囊泡结构;蒙古猪毛菜叶表皮有短硬毛和乳突状结构;费尔干猪毛菜表皮具大量表皮毛,且表皮毛有节。上述结构和特征反映出不同植物对干旱、盐碱土生境适应的多样性,也为旱生和盐生植物的生理学研究提供了新的实验依据。

Paraffin sections , scanning electron microscope and temporary slide methods were employed to study the accessory structure related to adversity tolerance of four halophytes （ or salt-tolerant ） in the desert of northern Xinjiang , which included Kareliniac apsia , Chenopodiumg laucum , Salsolai konnikovii and S.ferganica.The results indicated that：（ 1 ） the anatomical structure of the leaf and stem revealed：all the leaves were observed with the keratinized cuticle and sunk stomata , and a number of vascular bundles existed in the stems ; many of crystals were presented in leaf and stem cells ;（ 2 ） observation of the accessory structures of different leaves showed that large amount of salt bladders were discovered on epidermis of C.glaucum , which was consisted of 1-2small stalk cell and a large bladder-like cell ; there were short and hard trichomes and small papillary structure on the epidermis of S.ikonnikovii ; there were large number of epidermal trichomes with nodes on the leaf of S.ferganica ; K.capsiahad multicellular salt glands with a black cap cell on the top and multicellular trichomes on the epidermis.Above structures and features reflected the diversity of adaptability of different plants to the salinity and drought environments , and which would provide some newexperimental evidence in physiology aspect for the halophytes and xerophytes.