男子跆拳道高水平运动员下劈技术动作三维运动学特征研究

Three dimensional kinematic features of men's taekwondo athletes' axe kick

采用4台摄像机对10名山东省男子跆拳道运动员下劈技术动作进行同步拍摄,并用德国SIMI motion录像解析系统对测试结果进行三维图像解析,旨在揭示男子跆拳道运动员下劈技术的运动学特征。结果显示:1)男子运动员在下劈动作中,起动、提膝、踢靶、收腿四个阶段中,所用时间分别为0.22±0.02 s、0.12±0.02 s、0.10±0.02 s、0.29±0.05 s其中收腿过程时间最长,其次为起动阶段。2)在下劈过程中,髋关节角度变化减少,对稳定运动员动作的完成,起到重要作用。而膝关节角度变化幅度,将带动踝关节和脚部位产生较大打击速度和力量。3)下劈动作过程中,运动员左支撑脚有明显旋转,同时并沿劈击腿的方向产生一定的滑动距离。4)左支撑腿蹬地过程中,伸膝速度、足跖屈速度与身体重心速度表现出较大的相关性,是提高身体重心速度的关键因素。

This research aims to reveal the kinematic features of male Taekwondo athletes＇ axe kick by using four digital cameras to synchronously record the axe kick of ten male Taekwondo athletes of Shandong province and analyzing three - dimensional images of the test results with German SIMI motion video analysis system. The results are as follows ： 1 ） In the action of axe kick, the four sta- ges of starting, raising knee, target kick and recovery of the leg take up respectively 29%, 17%, 14% and 40% of the whole time. 2） In the action of axe kick, the reducing of hipbone joint angle changes plays an important role in making the athlete complete the action stably. The amplitude of knee joint angle changes will drive the ankle and foot to have a greater blow speed and strength. 3） There is obvious rotation angle in the athlete＇ s left supporting foot in the axe kick process, and the left foot slide a certain distance along the direction of the kick at the same time. 4） In the stomp of athlete＇ s left foot, the knee extension velocity and plantar flexion velocity of foot are significant cor- related with the velocity of body gravity, and they are the key factors to improve the velocity of body gravity.