天水地区冬春地温变化与冬小麦生长和产量的相关分析

Correlation analysis between soil temperature variation in winter and spring and growth and yield of winter wheat in Tianshui

为分析地温变化对冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响,采用天水地区1982—2010年的冬小麦观测资料和同期冬春两季地温资料,分析了冬春地温在近28 a来的变化特征,研究了冬春地温变化对冬小麦返青后各发育期开始和持续时间的影响,以及冬春地温对冬小麦中后期生长状况、产量构成要素和地段实产的影响。结果表明:(1)天水地区近28 a来冬春两季地温均出现增温现象,春季地温增幅高于冬季地温增幅;(2)冬春两季地温与冬小麦返青后各发育期开始时间均为负相关,春季地温与全生育期持续时间为显著的负相关;(3)春季地温与冬小麦孕穗期株高呈显著负相关,与籽粒与茎秆比、成穗率呈显著正相关。冬春地温与冬小麦生长和产量间存在明显的关系,春季地温的影响比冬季地温更明显。春季地温的影响具有显著性和持续性,而冬季地温的影响具有阶段性和滞后性的特点。

For researching impacts of soil temperature change on growth and yield of winter wheat, winter and spring soil temperature variation in recent 28 a, impacts of winter and spring soil temperature variation on the start and duration of winter wheat developmental stages after reviving green stage, as well as on winter wheat growth, product features and actual output were studied by using winter wheat observation data and winter and spring soil temperature data in 19822010 in Tianshui region. The results showed that： （1） winter and spring soil temperature have been warming in recent 28a, and the increase of spring soil temperature is larger than that of winter; （2） winter and spring soil temperature is negatively correlated with the start time of each growth stage of winter wheat after reviving green stage, and the duration of whole growth period is significantly negatively correlated with spring soil temperature; （3） the spring soil temperature is negatively correlated with the height of winter wheat in booting stage, but significantly positively correlated with seed stem ratio and percentage of ear bearing tiller. There is an obvious relationship between the winter and spring soil temper ature and the winter wheat growth and yield, and the impacts of soil temperature in spring are stronger than that in win ter. The impacts of spring soil temperature are significant and persistent, while the impacts of winter soil temperature are stagewise and lag.