沟垄覆膜栽培对旱作马铃薯生长及产量的影响

Effects of plastic film and ridge-furrow cropping patterns on growth and yield of potato in semiarid areas

以当地主栽品种"新大坪"为试验材料,研究了不同沟垄覆膜种植模式对旱作马铃薯生长和产量的影响。结果表明:沟垄覆膜种植能显著提高马铃薯根际的温度、株高、开展度、主根长以及相对生长率(RGR)。与传统平畦不覆膜(T1)相比,平畦覆膜(T2)、全膜双垄沟播(T3)、全膜双垄垄播(T4)、半膜膜侧种植(T5)和半膜沟垄垄播(T6)种植分别增产36.29%、59.68%、60.49%、47.58%和45.97%,其中T3和T4的产量最高。沟垄覆膜种植有利于马铃薯产量性状的改善,提高了大薯率和中薯率总和,其中以全膜双垄垄播(T4)最为显著。在该区采用全膜双垄垄播(T4)最有利于马铃薯的生长及产量性状的提高。

＂Xin Daping＂ was used as test materials to study the effects of plastic film and ridge-furrow cropping pat- terns on growth and yield of potato. The results showed that the ground temperature, plant height, the crown width, length of vertical roots and relative growth rate （RGR） of potato increased significantly by ridge-furrow and film cropping patterns. Compared to the traditional flat stretch coating （T1）, the yield of the coated flat stretch （T2）, the whole film double furrow sowing （T3）, the whole film double ridge broadcast （T4）, the semimembranosus film side planting （TS） and half-film ridge and furrow ridge sowing （T6） increased.by 36.29%, 60.49%, 59.68%, 47.58%, 45.97%, re- spectively. The yield increase of T4 and T3 was the highest. All the plastic mulched and ridge-furrow cropping patterns improved yield components of potato. Sum of big and middle tuber rates, tuber number per plant and tuber yield per plant under T4 and I3 were higher than that of the others, whereas green tuber rate, belt tuber rate under T4 and T3 were lower than that of the others. Therefore, the ridge-furrow and film cropping patterns, especially T4, were good cropping patterns for growth and hiv.h yield of potato in this area.