不同灌溉及施肥方式对酿酒葡萄生长发育及产量品质的影响

Influence of irrigation and fertilization on the wine grape growth,yield and quality

针对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄栽培中存在的大水大肥等问题,采用田间试验的方法研究不同灌溉和施肥方式下酿酒葡萄长势及产量和品质。结果显示:在常规氮磷钾化肥的基础上增施中微量元素钙镁硫能显著促进新梢生长,增施腐植酸则能显著提高叶绿素含量;灌水方式对葡萄叶片全氮磷钾含量影响不显著,滴灌能显著提升叶柄养分尤其全钾含量;相同施肥条件下沟灌与滴灌产量相当;滴灌条件下进一步增施腐植酸和钙镁硫后产量提高;增施钙镁硫等中量元素可显著增加可溶性糖含量和可溶性固形物,同时明显降低总酸度,改善品质。

To solve the problems of unreasonable fertilization and irrigation in wine grape cultivation in the east of Helan Mountain, we did field experiments with different irrigation and fertilization treatments and then measured the wine grape growth and quality under each treatment. The results showed that on the base of conventional N, P, K fertilizer ap plied, adding trace elements Ca, Mg. S had significantly promote on the growth of new shoots. The humic acid had a sig nificantly effective on the chlorophyll increase. The total N, P, K of leaves had no significant effect under different irriga tion, but under drip irrigation the petiole nutrients, especially the total potassium content, was significant increased. Un der the same fertilization, the quality under furrow irrigation was equal to drip irrigation. Further adding humic acid and Ca,Mg.S could increase production under drip irrigation facilities. Application of Ca,Mg,S elements could significandy increase the soluble sugar content and soluble solid content material and significantly reduce total acid, which has a great effect on improvement of the wine grape quality.