早期落叶果树土壤养分演变及对果实品质的影响

The variation of soil nutrients of fruit tree defoliation in early stage and its effects on fruit quality

为了探求导致早期落叶病发生的土壤条件,分析果树栽培前与果园管理过程中存在技术问题,本研究以相同园龄、相同果树品种、落叶和不落叶的几个果园为研究对象,进行了果园土壤管理调查与土壤剖面化学性质的监测,测定了苹果果实的主要品质指标,结果表明:果园土壤有机质含量明显低于农田土壤,土壤表层,落叶果园土壤有机质含量要高于不落叶果园的,而在60 cm以下,落叶果园土壤有机质反而低于不落叶果园;而不落叶果园土壤中的碳酸钙含量略高于落叶果园;土壤剖面碱解氮含量随土层厚度的增加,呈递减趋势,不落叶与落叶果园土壤碱解氮含量在35 cm以上土层中基本相同,差异不明显(P>0.05);果实的密度测定结果为不落叶果园果实>落叶果园果实;在糖度上,不落叶果园果实>落叶果园果实。

In order to reveal soil conditions causing defoliation of fruit trees in the early stage and to analysis the technical problem causing defoliation of fruit trees, this study investigated different orchards, including the same tree ages, the same fruit tree varieties, defoliations and non-defoliations, and measured soil nutrients in the soil profiles and main quality indexes of apple. The result showed that soil organic matter content of orchard was obviously lower than that increasing of soil layers, and over 35 cm soil layers, the content of available N was not obviously different between non- defoliation orchard and defoliation orchard. Fruit density： non-defoliation orchard 〉 defoliation orchard. Sugar content of fruit ： non-defoliation orchard 〉 defoliation orchard, too.