留守儿童情绪性问题行为与社会支持的关系研究

Relationship between Emotional Problem Behavior and Social Support in Left-behind Children

目的了解留守与非留守儿童情绪性问题行为和社会支持的差异,为心理干预提供依据。方法采用社会支持量表和情绪性问题行为评定问卷对宁夏某县农村留守儿童205名和非留守儿童235名进行调查。结果 (1)留守儿童的情绪性问题行为5个维度得分分别为(8.33±1.84)分、(9.65±1.91)分、(8.43±1.73)分、(11.22±2.55)分、(5.32±1.59)分,高于非留守儿童情绪性问题行为5个维度得分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);留守男生偏执和孤僻冷漠的得分分别为(12.04±2.76)分、(6.04±1.90)分,高于留守女生得分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)留守儿童社会支持总分、主观支持和对支持的利用度得分分别为(33.07±3.25)分、(19.10±1.82)分、(6.53±1.68)分,低于非留守儿童得分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。留守男生社会支持总分、对支持的利用度得分分别为(32.00±3.21)分、(6.00±1.61)分,低于留守女生得分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)社会支持总分与留守儿童的情绪性问题行为5个维度之间的相关系数分别为:-0.408、-0.541、-0.459、-0.539、-0.289,主观支持与留守儿童的情绪性问题行为5个维度之间的相关系数分别为:-0.509、-0.647、-0.539、-0.588、-0.303,对支持的利用度与抑郁焦虑、自卑、偏执3个维度之间的相关系数分别为:-0.257、-0.314、-0.382,均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论留守儿童存在较多的情绪性问题行为。留守男生较女生存在较多的偏执和孤僻冷漠的情绪性问题行为;留守儿童社会支持总分、主观支持和支持利用度的得分较低;留守女生较男生获得较多社会支持,对支持的利用度较高。留守儿童得到的社会支持越多,尤其是感受到的主观支持越多,越能充分利用社会支持,越不容易引发情绪性问题行为。

Objective To explore the relationship between emotional problem behavior （EPB） and social support in left - behind children compared with non - left - behind children. Methods Emotional Problem Behavior Evaluation Questionnaire （EPBEQ） and Social Support Questionnaire （SSQ） were used to assess 205 left -behind ehildren and 235 non -left -behind children in a village in Ningxia. Results The left - behind children＇s scoring on each of the five dimensions of EPB was significantly higher than those of non - left - behind children （P 〈0. 05 ）. The left - behind boys＇ scoring on ＂ paranoia＂ and ＂ withdrawn indifference＂ were significant higher than those of left -behind girls （P 〈 0. 05 ） . The left -behind children＇s scoring on ＂ social support＂ ,＂ subjective support＂ and ＂ support exploitation＂ were significantly lower than those of non - left - behind children （P 〈0. 05） . The leftbehind boys＇ scoring on ＂ social support＂ and ＂ support exploitation＂ were significant lower than those of left - behind girls （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. For left - behind ehildren, the correlation coefficient of social support scoring and the scoring on five dimensions of the emotional problem behavior was - 0. 408, - 0. 541, - 0. 459, - 0. 539, - 0. 289, re- spectively ; the correlation eocffieient of subjective support scoring and the scoring of five dimensions was - 0. 509, - 0. 647, - 0. 539, - 0. 588, - 0. 303, respectively ; the correlation coefficient of support exploitation scoring and the scoring on ＂ de- pression ＆ anxiety＂ ,＂ inferiority＂ ,＂ paranoia＂ was - 0. 257, - 0. 314, - 0. 382, respectively （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusion Left - behind children exhibit major emotional problem behaviors, and left - behind boys exhibit more paranoid and withdrawn indifferent behaviors than left- behind girls. Left -behind children also exhibit low social support, subieetive support and support