马克思哲学路径中的“两条线索、三重逻辑”

Two Clues and Three Logics in Marx's Philosophy

马克思从追问劳动异化的根源开始,逐步走上了人本主义异化史观的解构道路。本文从《1844年经济学哲学手稿》到《德意志意识形态》的文本中,解读出了两重逻辑:一是经济学的实证的非历史的线索与哲学外在性批判的组合,即用分工-交换这一经济学思路来展开哲学批判的逻辑方法;二是历史性的实证逻辑,即以对象化劳动、实践、生产方式等概念建构出的历史发展线索,这一逻辑缺乏内在的批判性因素。这一缺陷导致马克思不得不从第一重逻辑中来寻找批判动力,从而使得这一时期的文本呈现出一种错综复杂的理论结构。成熟时期的历史唯物主义则扬弃了这两重逻辑方法,走向一种以客观内在矛盾运动为基础的科学的批判逻辑,这是马克思哲学路径中的第三重逻辑。

From questioning the root causes of labor alienation,Marx gradually walks on the deconstruction of the historical view of humanism and alienation.From the Economic Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 to The German Ideology,the paper indicates twofold logic： First,the combination of an empirical and unhistorical clues of economics and the external philosophical critique,that is a method of using the economic conception of division of labour and exchange to demonstrate the philosophical critiques;Second,a historic empirical logic,that is a historical development clues constructed by the concepts such as objectified labor,practice,modes of production.This logic,however,lacks the internal critical factors.This defect leads that Marx have to find the critical power from the first logic,so that the text of this period showing a complex theory structure.Marx sublates the twofold logic in the maturity period of historical materialism and moves towards a scientific epistemology of rising from the Abstract to the concrete.This epistemology is also a historical view in Marx＇s philosophy.This is the third logic of Marx＇s philosophy.