北京市西城区企业员工对职业病防治知识的知晓情况

Awareness rate of knowledge about occupational disease prevention among enterprise employees in Xicheng District of Beijing

目的了解北京市西城区4类企业员工对《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》(下称《职业病防治法》和职业卫生相关知识的知晓程度,为有针对性地开展职业健康教育和促进工作提供科学依据。方法采用调查表的方式对4类行业23家企业中的436名员工的职业卫生相关知识和《职业病防治法》相关内容知晓情况、享受职业卫生服务情况、职业病防治知识获取渠道、希望进一步了解的职业病相关知识等内容进行调查分析。结果各行业员工对职业病防治知识知晓率参差不齐,除"粉尘是职业病有害因素"和"危害因素可通过消化道进入人体"的知晓率差异无统计学意义,其余各项相关知识比较差异均有统计学意义;其中"职业危害因素的种类"和"职业病防治法的颁布时间"、"知道《职业病防治法》"、"《职业病防治法》内容"以及"作业场所有害因素的浓度应符合国家职业卫生标准"为低知晓率。4类行业享受职业卫生服务除"参加上岗前培训"、"参加定期职业健康检查"、"定期更换个人防护用品"外,其余各项比较差异均有统计学意义。被调查者获得职业病防治知识的途径不同,各类途径比较,差异有统计学意义,其中单位培训获得职业病防治知识的比例最高,占71.79%。被调查者希望进一步了解的职业病相关知识内容差异有统计学意义,其中想了解"常见职业病、职业多发病的表现及防治知识"的最多,占调查者的82.80%。结论 4类行业员工对《职业病防治法》和职业卫生知识知晓率不同,应针对不同行业进行有侧重的培训,监管部门应在日常监管时把用人单位对职工的职业病防治知识的培训和落实职业卫生服务内容作为监管的重点内容,保护工人的健康权益,减少职业损害和职业病的发生。

[Objective]To understand the awareness rate of Code of Occupational Disease Prevention of PRC and related knowledge about occupational health among employees in four types of enterprises in Xicheng district of Beijing,provide a scientific basis for implementation of occupational health education and improvement.[Methods]436 employees from four types of 23 enterprises were investigated with questionnaire,and the investigation content included awareness rate of Code of Occupational Disease Prevention of PRC and related knowledge about occupational health,receiving status of occupational health service,ways of obtaining knowledge about occupational disease prevention,and occupational knowledge that they hoped to get in the future.[Results]The awareness rates of related knowledge about occupational health among enterprise employees were different.There was no significant difference in awareness rates of two questions that dust is occupational risk factors and risk factors can enter the body through digestive tract,and the differences in awareness rates of other questions were significant.The awareness rates of five questions were low,which included types of occupational risk factors,published time of Code of Occupational Disease Prevention of PRC,knowing Code of Occupational Disease Prevention,contents of Code of Occupational Disease Prevention,and the concentrations of risk factors in working place should accord with national standards.In occupational health service,except pre-post training,regular occupational physical examination and regular changing of individual protective articles,the differences in other questions were significant.The ways of obtaining knowledge about occupational disease prevention among employees were different,and there was significant difference between different ways,and the proportion of enterprise training was the highest（71.79%）.The difference in occupational knowledge that employees hope to know in the future was significant,and the proportion of employees who to know the knowledge about common occupational diseases,as well as manifestations and prevention of occupational diseases was the highest（82.80%）.[Conclusion]The awareness rates of Code of Occupational Disease Prevention and related knowledge about occupational health among employees in four types of enterprise are different.The special training should be carried out according to different trades.The supervision departments should pay attention to training of knowledge about occupational disease prevention and implementation of occupational health service in enterprises,to protect health rights and interests of employees,and reduce the incidence of occupational diseases.