延安市流行性乙型脑炎发病特征与预防控制策略

Epidemiological characteristics and control strategies of Japanese B encephalitis in Yan'an City

目的通过了解延安市流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)的流行病学特征,为乙脑的预防控制提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对1954—2010年延安市乙脑发病情况进行分析。结果 1954—2010年延安市报告乙脑1 066例,死亡135例,年平均发病率1.20/10万,病死率12.66%。黄陵县发病率最高,为2.88/10万。1970—1999年发病率较高,平均为1.88/10万,1969年以前和2000年以来发病率较低,在1.25/10万以下。发病呈明显夏秋季高峰,7—9月发病811例,占76.08%。20岁以上人群发病占70.83%。职业以农民和学生为主,占71.88%。结论实施乙脑疫苗接种,开展乙脑病例和蚊虫密度监测,加强宣传教育和环境卫生管理,是预防控制乙脑的重要措施。

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese B encephalitis in Yan＇an City,provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of Japanese B encephalitis.[Methods]The epidemic data of Japanese B encephalitis in Yan＇an City during 1954-2010 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method.[Results]From 1954 to 2010,a total of 1 066 cases of Japanese B encephalitis were reported in Yan＇an City,there were 135 death cases,the average incidence rate was 1.20/lakh,and the fatality rate was 12.66%.The incidence rate in Huangling county was the highest（2.88/lakh）.The incidence rates during 1970-1999 were relatively high,and average annual incidence rate was1.88/lakh.The incidence rates before 1969 and after 2000 were relatively low,and average annual incidence rate was 1.25/lakh.There was an obvious peak in summer and autumn,and 811 cases occurred from July to September,which accounted for 76.08%.70.83% of patients were people over 20 years old,and 71.88% were students and farmers.[Conclusion]It is necessary to carry out vaccination,implement the monitoring of Japanese B encephalitis cases and mosquito density,as well as strengthen education and environmental sanitation management,to prevent and control Japanese B encephalitis.