上海市宝山区基本职业卫生服务工作探索

Exploration of basic occupational health service in Baoshan District of Shanghai

目的探索适合辖区现状的基本职业卫生服务模式。方法 2010—2011年,在宝山区内对职业病危害企业进行摸底调查,并建立健全多部门合作的组织网络,完善保障措施,开展职业健康监护、职业病危害因素检测、职业卫生宣传教育,加强职业卫生监督,推进基本职业卫生服务工作。结果全区排摸职业病危害企业1 090家,其中职业病严重危害企业271家,一般危害企业779家。企业职工总数为125 301人,其中接触危害因素的职工共28 712人,占职工总数的22.9%。经过2年试点工作,宝山区职业健康监护率达到94.6%,比试点前(54.2%)增加了40.4%。职业病危害因素检测与评价覆盖率54.5%,比试点前(31.1%)增加了23.4%。职业病防治法律法规相关内容知晓率由培训前78.4%提高到培训后95.1%;不同岗位接触职业病危害因素种类部分知晓率由54.9%提高到85.2%;职业病危害个人防护部分知晓率由80.2%提高到98.1%。职业病危害项目申报率100%,比试点前(45.1%)增加了54.9%;中小企业职业卫生监督检查覆盖率达100%。结论通过2 a的积极探索,宝山区基本职业卫生服务工作取得一定成效,职业病危害因素检测与评价覆盖率、职业健康检查覆盖率、职业卫生监督覆盖率、职业卫生知识知晓率等都得到提高。多部门合作是适合宝山区基本职业卫生服务的工作模式。

[Objective]To study the basic occupational health service mode that is suitable for current situation in Baoshan District.[Methods]During 2010-2011,the enterprises had occupational hazards in Baoshan District were investigated.In order to promote the basic occupational health service,the measures included establishing the multi-sector cooperation organization network,perfecting the safeguard measures,carrying out the occupational health surveillance,occupational hazard factors detection and occupational health education,and strengthening occupational health supervision.[Results] Among 1 090 enterprises,271 had severe occupational hazards,and 779 had general occupational hazards.A total of 125 301 workers were investigated,and 28 712 workers had been exposed to occupational hazards,which accounted for 22.9%.After two year of experimental work,the rate of occupational health surveillance reached 94.6%,which increased by 40.4% as compared with that before experimental work.The coverage rate of occupational hazard factors detection and evaluation was 54.5%,which increased by 23.4% as compared with that before experimental work（31.1%）.The awareness rate of laws and regulations about occupational disease prevention and control increased from 78.4% before training to 95.1% after training.The awareness rate of occupational hazard factor types that different posts contacted with increased from 54.9% to 85.2%.The awareness rate of personal protection increased from 80.2% to 98.1%.The declaration rate of occupational hazard project was 100%,which increased by 54.9% as compared with that before experimental work（45.1%）.The coverage rate of occupational health supervision and inspection in small and medium-sized enterprises reached 100%.[Conclusion]Through two year of exploration,the basic occupational health service in Baoshan District has got a good result.The coverage rate of occupational hazard factors detection and evaluation,the coverage rate of occupational health examination,the coverage rate of occupational health supervision and the awareness rate of knowledge about occupational health have been improved.The multi-sector cooperation is the appropriate mode of basic occupational health service in Baoshan district.