王孙归不归?——溥仪出宫与北洋朝野局势的变化

“O Lord,Will You Return Or Not?”:The Expel of Deposed Puyi and the Domestic Affairs of the Beiyang Government

1924年11月初,清室被国民军驱逐出故宫。尽管遗老为恢复优待条件而奔走,同情于清室的段祺瑞、张作霖等人也试图施以援手,但直到北京政府覆灭,溥仪一直没能重回紫禁城。国民军对北京的有效控制是遏制恢复优待条件的重要保证。在诸势力的互动过程中,社会舆论愈发激进,时人倾向于把"共和"与"复辟"看作非此即彼的两端,并将恢复1924年11月前原状的努力等同于谋求复辟;1925年夏天"复辟文献"的发现使这一逻辑看上去获得了实证材料的支持,以至于1926年国民军出京之后,同情清室的北洋实力派为了避复辟之嫌,同情一直未能转为行动。

In early November 1924,the royal family of the dethroned emperor of the Qing Dynasty was expelled from the Forbidden City.The diehards on behalf of the disposed appealed enthusiastically for a favorable treatment to the royal personages,and such sympathizers as some warlords offered their helping hands,too.Despite the efforts done,the royal family failed in their attempt to return to the Palace.The effective control of Peking city by the National Army prevented the favorable treatment from being restored.In the confrontation of political forces,public opinion turned to be so radical that people intended to regard republicanism and restoration of the monarchy as an 'either/or' alternative,and take the endeavor of recovering the treatment of the royal family before November of 1924 as an act of betrayal against the republic.In the summer of 1925,documents revealing the plots of the restoration of the monarchy were found,so that the 'either/or' alternative proved to be true.As a result,even after the National Army's withdrawal from Peking,the republican politicians,being sympathetic of the Qing royalty,were reluctant in their attempts to restore the monarchy,for fear that they might be suspected as conspirators in the restoration.