青海湖流域水文要素初步分析

Hydrology Factors Preliminary Analysis of Qinghai Lake

青海湖流域是青藏高原东北部的特殊生态功能区。青海湖是我国最大的咸水湖,是维系青藏高原东北部生态安全的重要水体。是阻挡西部荒漠化向东蔓延的天然屏障。是区域内最重要的水汽源和气候调节器。同时还是生物多样性与生物物种基因较为丰富的重要地区之一。青海湖流域的生态地位十分重要。采用青海湖流域环湖几个主要入湖水文控制站的水文要素历年实测资料序列,统计分析青海湖流域降水、蒸发、径流、泥沙分布规律以及年内年际间的变化规律;这些统计分析有助于掌握青海湖流域入湖河流的水文特性,为地方及其流域在空间上、地区上保护青海湖流域生态环境和自然资源提供依据。对于研究流域水土流失规律和综合治理等提了一定的供科学依据。

Qinghai Lake watershed is a special ecological functional area in northeastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Qinghai Lake is the largest salt water lake in China, is important for maintaining ecological security in the northeast of Qinghai-Tibet plateau waters, is a natural barrier to stop the spread of desertification in the west to the east, is the region＇s most important source of water vapor and climate regulator, while gene rich biodiversity and biological species are one of the important areas. Qinghai Lake ecological status is very important. This main Lake in Qinghai Lake watershed hydrology and hydrologic elements of the control station over the sequence of observed data, statisti- cal analysis of precipitation in Qinghai Lake basin, evaporation, runoff, sediment distribution, and interannual var- iation between years. Analysis of these statistics help to master the hydrological characteristics in the Qinghai Lake watershed of rivers into Lake, for local and on a watershed in terms of space, provide a basis for protection of Qing- hai Lake ecological environment and natural resources, for research on soil and water loss in comprehensive man- agement of law and a certain amount of scientific evidence.