深水海洋工程装备制造职业病危害预测与控制措施分析

Analysis of occupational hazards and the control measures in deep water ocean engineering equipments

目的对深海海洋工程装备制造的职业病危害进行预测,并提出针对性的防护措施。方法以广东省某深海海洋工程装备制造项目为研究对象,利用类比法、职业病危害因素检测法、经验法等方法分析预测深海海洋工程装备制造的职业病危害,并探讨深海海洋工程装备制造职业病危害防护的工艺、工程、个人防护、职业卫生管理等措施。结果深海海洋工程装备制造重点职业病危害因素为噪声、电焊烟尘、其他粉尘、锰及其无机化合物以及苯系物等,其中噪声超标率为46.7%,电焊烟尘CTWA超标率为56.3%,其他粉尘超标率为37.5%;锰及其无机化合物CTWA超标率达53.8%。职业病危害关键控制岗位为焊工、打磨工、油漆工和切割工,关键控制措施包括工艺措施、工程措施、个人防护措施、职业卫生管理措施等。结论船舶制造业职业病危害严重,尘肺、噪声聋、振动病以及锰及其无机化合物中毒、苯系物中毒风险较高,深海海洋工程装备制造应采取针对性的控制措施。

Objective To predict the occupational hazards in deep water ocean engineering equipments plant,explore the prevention and control measures.Methods One deep water ocean engineering equipments plant in Guangdong province was selected as survey objects.Occupational health survey,occupational hazards test and analogy methods were used to analyze the occupational hazards,and the contents were explored including the technological measures,engineering measures,personal protective equipment measures,and occupational health management measures in the deep water ocean engineering equipments plant.Results The key occupational hazard factors were noise,dust,manganese and inorganic compounds,benzene series,the exceeding rates of occupational exposure limits about noise,welding fume,dust,manganese and inorganic compounds were 46.7%,56.3%,37.5% and 53.8%.The critical control points of occupational hazards were welders,grinding workers,painters and cutting workers.The critical prevention and control measures in the deep water ocean engineering equipments needed to be improved especially technological measures,engineering measures,personal protective equipment measures and occupational health management measures.Conclusion The deep water ocean engineering equipments plant has high risk of pneumonoconiosis,noise induced hearing loss,benzene series poisoning,and manganese poisoning,so occupational prevention measures should be taken integrated measure.