比喻论证、类比论证辨异

The Differentiation of Metaphorical Reasoning and Analogic Reasoning

比喻论证和类比论证两种方法长期混同,有必要加以辨析厘清。比喻论证以比喻修辞为前提,在论说文中辅助说理,其功能是生动形象地论证事理,论证形式为异类相比。不同的是类比说理属于形式逻辑范畴,其功能是由已知推论未知,论证形式是同类相比。

Metaphorical reasoning and analogic reasoning are two methods that are easlily confused, so it is necessary to dif- ferentiate the two. Metaphorical reasoning takes metaphor and rhetoric for premise and assists in reasonning in an argumentation. With the argument form of heterogeneous contrast, its function is to vividly demonstrate reasons. Analogic reasoning differs from the former in that it belongs to formal logic and its function is to infer the unknown. Its argumentation form is similar comparison.