厦门海域贝类养殖环境中的大肠菌群和异养细菌

Coliforms and Heterotrophic Bacteria in the Environment of Shellfish Culture in Xiamen Sea Area

2005年和2006年春季(4月)和秋季(10月)研究了厦门海域贝类养殖环境(海水、底质)和养殖贝类中大肠菌群(TC)和异养细菌(HB)数量分布及其在不同介质中数量之间的相关性,并对贝类养殖环境卫生质量进行了评价。结果表明:潮间带贝类养殖区TC数量较高,虾池和浅海贝类养殖区的较低;虾池贝类养殖区HB数量较高,潮间带和浅海贝类养殖区的较低。总体上,厦门海域贝类养殖环境中TC和HB数量分布呈同安湾湾内和西海域高,同安湾湾口和大嶝海域低的格局。大多数站位海水中TC和HB数量春季稍高于秋季,养殖贝类体中TC和HB数量秋季高于春季,底质中HB数量春、秋季无明显差异,TC数量则秋季稍高于春季。浅海和虾池贝类养殖区海水与贝类、底质与贝类中TC和HB的数量之间均成显著正相关。贝类养殖区底质中HB和TC数量,软泥>粉砂质软泥>粉砂,贝类体内器官组织中HB和TC数量,僧帽牡蛎:外套膜>外套腔液>内脏团;缢蛏和菲律宾蛤仔:外套腔液>外套膜>内脏团。厦门海域贝类养殖环境受到TC和HB不同程度的污染,潮间带贝类养殖区和虾池贝类养殖区分别受到TC和HB的较重污染。

In spring （April） and Autumn （October） of 2005 and 2006, the quantitative distribution and cor- relation of coliforms （TC） and heterotrophic bacteria （HB） in different culture environments （seawater, sediments） and shellfish tissues along Xiamen sea area were studied, and the sanitaiony quality of shellfish culture environment was evaluated. The results showed that the higher number of TC was found in the tid- al zone, whereas the lower number was found in shrimp pond or shallow sea. The number of HB was high- er in shrimp pond and lower in tidal zone or shallow sea. As a whole, the numbers of both TC and HB in the west sea area of Xiamen and Tongan Bay were higher than those in Dadeng sea area and Tong＇an Bay mouth. The number of TC and HB in seawater of most stations was slightly higher in spring than in au- tumn, but lower in shellfish tissue. In sediments, the number of HB was no significant differences be- tween in spring and in autumn, but the number of TC was higher in autumn than in spring. In the shallow sea and shrimp pond, there was a significantly positive correlation between the numbers of TC and HB in seawater and in shellfish tissues or between in sediments and in shellfish. The numbers of TC and HB in shellfish culture environments were compared： those in ooze sediment were higher than those in silty ooze; and those in silt sand were the least. The numbers of TC and HB in shellfish tissues were compared, those in mantle of Saccostrea cucullata were higher than those in mantle cavity fluid, and those in visceral mass were the least） Those in mantle cavity fluid of Ruditapes philippinarum and Sinonovacula constricta were higher than those in mantle, and those in visceral mass were the least. The environmental quality of shell- fish culture in Xiamen sea area suffered from the TC and HB pollution to various degrees. The shellfish culture areas of tidal zone and shrimp pond were seriouslv polluted by TC and HB, respectively.