护士情绪劳动与工作倦怠在人口学变量上的差异分析

Difference of nurses＇ emotional labor and job burnout in demography variables

目的分析护士不同情绪劳动策略与其工作倦怠感在人口学变量上的差异。方法采用情绪劳动量表、工作倦怠量表（MBI—GS量表），对310名护士进行评定，分析不同婚况、学历、年龄、工龄、职位的护士对表层加工、深层加工和自动调节3种不同情绪劳动策略使用和工作倦怠感方面的差异。结果共发放问卷310份，回收有效问卷297份，有效率95．8％。未婚护士相对已婚护士更多采用表层加工（t=4．475，P=0．000），更少采用深层加工（t=-3．221，P=0．001），不同婚况护士在自动调节策略使用和工作倦怠方面比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。大专及以下学历的护士相对本科及以上学历的护士更多采用表层加工（t=2．215，P=0．028），更少采用自动调节（t=-0．022，P=0．044），不同学历护士在深层加工策略使用和工作倦怠方面比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。不同年龄护士在深层加工情绪劳动策略运用和工作倦怠方面的差异有统计学意义（F值分别为6．84，5．69；P均〈0．01），年长者（36岁以上）在情绪劳动中较多使用深层加工，工作倦怠感随年龄增长有所降低。不同年龄护士在表层加工和自动调节策略使用方面比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。不同工龄护士在深层加工情绪劳动策略运用和工作倦怠方面的差异有统计学意义（F值分别为7．816，3．198；P均〈0．05），工龄为1—2年组护士较多使用表层加工策略，随着工龄的增长，护士趋向于更多使用深层加工策略，工作倦怠感有所降低。不同工龄护士在表层加工和自动调节策略使用方面比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。护士长及以上职务的护士相对无职务的护士来说，更少地使用表层加工策略（￡=1．407，P=0．046），更多地使用深层加工策略（t=-2．229，P=0．014）。结论不同婚况、学历、年龄、工龄、职位的护士对表层加工、深层加工和自动调节3种不同情绪劳动策略使用和工作倦怠感方面存在显著差异。

Objective To analyze the difference between nurses＇ emotional labor and job burnout in demography variables. Methods 310 nurses were evaluated with the Style Scale For Emotional Labor and Job Burnout Inventory （MBI-GS Scale ）. Differences of emotional labor using three different emotional labor strategies of surface process, deep process and automotive regulation and job burnout of nurses with different marital status, education, age, working experience and job title were analyzed. Results Unmarried nurses use surface process more frequently（ t = 4.475, P = 0.000） than married nurses. Deep process was used less frequent by unmarried nurses than married nurse （t = - 3. 221, P = 0. 001 ）. There was no significant difference in the usage of automotive regulation and job burnout situation among nurses with different marital status （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Nurses with junior college degree or lower used surface process more frequent （ t = 2. 215, P = 0. 028 ） and automotive regulation less frequently （t = -0.022,P = 0.044） than nurses with bachelor degree or above. There is no significant difference in the usage of deep process strategy and job burnout situation among nurses with different education（P 〉 0.05 ）. Significant difference was found in the usage of deep process strategy and job burnout situation among nurses with different age （ F = 6.84,5.69, respectively; P 〈 0.01 ）. Elder nurses （ 36 years or older） used deep process more frequently. The job burnout feeling decreases with the increasing of the age. There is no significant difference in the usage of surface process and automotive regulation strategies among nurses with different ages （ P 〉 0.05 ）. There was significant difference in the usage of deep process emotional labor strategy and job burnout situation among nurses with different working experiences （F = 7. 816, 3. 198, respectively; P 〈 0. 01 or 0. 05 ）. Nurses with 1-2 year working experience used surface process more frequently. As the working year grows, nurses tended to use deep process strategy more frequently and the job burnout feeling reduced. There is no significant difference in the usage of surface process and automotive regulation strategies among nurses with different working years （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Nurses with title as head nurse or above used surface process strategy less frequently （ t = 1. 407, P = O. 046 ） and deep process more frequently （t = -2. 229, P = 0. 014 ） than other nurses. Conclusions There is significant difference in the job burnout feeling and using of three different emotional labor strategies of surface process, deep process and automotive regulation among nurses with different marital status, education, age, working experience and job title.