乌禅幕东迁天山考——兼论公元前2～1世纪匈奴在西域的遗迹

On Wuchanmu’s Movement Eastwards to Tianshan and Xiongnu Traces in the Western Regions in the 2nd-1st Century

乌禅幕部落起源于哈萨克斯坦南部草原,公元前1世纪以前主要活动于中亚泽拉夫善河畔的康居(后称"粟特")与伊犁河畔的乌孙之间。汉武帝征和二年(前92年),乌禅幕投奔匈奴日逐王,东迁新疆天山地区,成为匈奴统治西域的重要生力军之一。匈奴"五单于争立"时乌禅幕部随匈奴单于之子稽候狦东迁蒙古高原。近年新疆天山地区和蒙古高原发现的"胡须墓",实乃乌禅幕部留下的遗迹。

Wuchanmu,originated in steppe in south Kazakhstan,lived between Kangqu,namely Sogdia afterwards,on the banks of the Zarafshan River and Wusun on the banks of Ili River before the 1st century.In the 2nd year of Zhenghe reign of Wudi,Emperor of Han Dynasty,Wuchanmu went to king Rizhu of Xiongnu for shelter and then moved eastwards to Tianshan area,being a key army of Xiongnu in the Western Regions.Wuchanmu moved with Jihoushan,a son of Chanyu of Xiongnu,to Mongolian Plateau during the struggle among the five khans for throne.The recently found bearded tombs in Tianshan and Mongolia are remains of Wuchanmo tribes.