EMS诱发大豆M_2与M_3代农艺性状的遗传变异比较

Comparison on Genetic Variations of Soybean Agronomic Characters in M_2 and M_3 Induced by EMS

为明确甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)对大豆品种诱变的后代变异情况,利用0.5%EMS溶液处理7个大豆品种的种子,对M2、M3代主要农艺性状的遗传变异进行分析比较。结果表明:各世代农艺性状均发生一定程度的变异,与M2代相比,M3代株高、节数及百粒重的变异系数有所变小,其它性状的变异系数大致相当;M3代分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重的广义遗传力大于M2代,由于M3存在一定的回复突变,使得M3代株高、节数的广义遗传力小于M2代;各世代都诱变出早熟或晚熟的变异株,M2代熟期总变异率为0.65%,其中早熟变异比例为0.28%,晚熟变异比例为0.37%;M3代熟期总变异率为0.31%,其中早熟变异比例为0.12%,晚熟变异比例为0.19%,M3代熟期变异率低于M2。

Seven spring soybean varieties were treated by 0.5% EMS（ methyl sulfonic acid ethyl ester）solution, and genetic variations of the main agronomic characters in M2 and M3 were analyzed and compared. The variation coefficient of plant height, main stem nodes and 100-seed weight in M3 were smaller than those in M2. Broad-sense heritability of branches, seeds per plant, pods per plant, seed weight per plant and 100-seed weight in M3 were greater than those in M2, while that of plant height and main stem nodes in M3 were smaller due to reverse mutation. The earlier or late matured plants were observed in both M2 and M3, and the total mutation ratio in M3 （0.31% ）were less than that in M2 （0.65%）.