产前二维超声在胎儿泌尿系统异常诊断中的应用

Application of Prenatal Two - dimensional Ultrasonic Diagnosis in Abnormal Fetal Urinary System

目的：探讨产前二维超声在胎儿泌尿系统异常诊断中的临床应用价值。方法：对1258例在我院行产前二维超声检查的胎儿的检查结果进行回顾性分析，总结胎儿泌尿系统异常的声像图特征及诊断要点。结果：检出泌尿系统异常的胎儿269例（21．4％），其中尿路扩张255例，’肾脏囊性疾病7例，单侧单发肾囊肿3例，肾缺如2例，马蹄肾1例，胎儿巨膀胱1例。其中，尿路扩张中172例在随后的产前检查中、73例于胎儿出生后随诊发现肾盂积水消失，其余24例经产后解剖或随访证实。结论：产前超声对胎儿泌尿系异常的诊断具有重要临床价值。

Objective：To study the clinical value of prenatal two - dimensional ultrasonic diagnosis in abnormal fetal urinary system. Methods ：1258 fetuses were retrospectively analyzed with prenatal two- dimensional ultrasound in our hospital. Ultrasound characteristics of abnormalities of fetus urinary system and the key diagnostic point of the disease were studied and summarized. Results： Among 1258 fetuses, 269 fetus were found abnormalities in their urinary system, the incidence rate of the abnormality in fetus was 21.4% （269/ 1258 ）. 255 cases with dilated urinary system, 2 cases with congenital kidney absence, 7 cases with cystic disease of kidney, 3 cases with single cyst in one kidney,2 cases with congenital kidney absence, 1 case with horseshoe kidney, and 1 case with megacystis. 172 cases with dilated urinary system were tested by subsequent prenatal examination, 73 fetus with this disease were found with normal pelvises postnatal, and the remain 24 cases were tested through anatomy or follow - up postpartum. Conclusions： Prenatal two - dimensional ultrasound examination has important significance in finding abnormalities of fetus urinary system.