基于环境态度的城市居民环境友好行为意向及认知差异——以海口市为例

DIFFERENCE IN URBAN RESIDENTS' PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR INTENTION AND UNDERSTANDING BASED ON THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDE——A Case Study of Haikou

居民的行为是社会对环境产生影响的关键因素,对环境有着直接或间接的影响。遏制环境退化,实现可持续发展不仅仅取决于政府,同时与公众的环境态度和行为也有着密不可分的关系。环境态度是否会影响人们实施环境友好行为是研究中的一个重要问题。本研究采用在海口市的调查数据,分析了居民所持的环境态度对其环境友好行为意向的影响。采用"新生态范示"量表(NEP)测量居民的环境态度,并根据环境态度倾向,运用K-Means聚类法将居民划分为近生态中心主义者、近人类中心主义者,在此基础上,应用独立样本t检验,比较了持不同环境态度者在环境友好行为意向与认知上的差异。

Residents＇ behavior is one of the key factors that society impact on the environment. It has the direct or indirect influences on environment. This study examines the effect of the urban Residents＇ environmental attitudes on their pro-environmental behavior intention based on data gathered from Haikou in Hainan Province. Using k-means clustering method, two types of tourists, i.e. near eco-centrists and near anthro- pocentrists are identified according to their environmental attitudes measured by the New Ecological Paradigm （NEP） Scale. On basis of it, difference in pro-environment behavior intention and cognition be- tween the two groups are compared. The results indicate that： （1）Near eco-centrists and near anthropocen- trists are differed in gender, education level except age and income. Specifically, near eco-centrists are pre- dominantly females and are generally well educated. （2）Near eco-centrists get a significantly higher marks in specific pro-environmental behavior intention when compared to the near anthropocentrists. （3）Most of the near eco-centrists consider the general public are the critical power to protect the environment and contain the environment degradation, in contrast, most of the near anthropocentrists consider the government is the criti- cal power. The results suggest that establishing pro-environmental attitude will strengthen residents＇ pro-envi- ronmental behavior and result in realizing ＇the environment protection by all the people＇. Although pro-envi- ronmental attitude may not necessarily induce pro-environmental behavior, the positive effect can be indirect and through various path.