上海世博园后滩湿地桡足类群落特征及其对环境因子的响应

Response of Copepod Community Characteristics to Environmental Factors in the Backshore Wetland of Expo Garden,Shanghai

上海世博园后滩湿地是中国2010年上海世界博览会规划区的重点项目.于2009年9月～2010年8月研究了桡足类群落结构的时空变化特征.运用SPSS 18.0软件进行相关统计分析,并利用CANOCO 4.5软件对桡足类数据和环境因子数据进行典范对应分析(CCA).全年共鉴定出桡足类23种,隶属于6科11属.优势种为锯缘真剑水蚤(Eucyclops serrulatus)、台湾温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops taihokuensis)、广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)、短尾温剑水蚤(T.brevifurcatus)和跨立小剑水蚤(Microcyclops varicans).桡足类年均密度和生物量分别为(8.6±16.6)ind.L-1、(0.083 6±0.143 1)mg·L-1.现存量主高峰均出现在7月,次高峰均出现在10月,1月达到最低.1号站点的营养水平最高,沿着水流方向逐渐下降,直至10号站点降至最低.桡足类的Margelf指数呈现夏秋季高,春冬季低的变化格局.通过典范对应分析表明,水温、pH、硝态氮、总氮、总磷和溶解氧是影响世博园后滩湿地桡足类群落结构时空变化的主要环境因子.

The Backshore Wetland of Expo Garden was the emphasis of the World Expo construction project in Shanghai in 2010,China programming district.We carried out studies on the community structure and spatial-temporal variation of copepod from September 2009 to August 2010.Statistical Product and Service Solutions（SPSS） was used for relevant statistical analysis between physicochemical parameters and copepod standing crop.Canonical correspondence analysis（CCA） was applied to further explore the correlation between copepod species and environmental parameters using CANOCO 4.5.A total of 23 copepod species in 11 genera,6 families were identified.5 dominant species of copepod were recorded during the survey period.They were Eucyclops serrulatus,Thermocyclops taihokuensis,Mesocyclops leuckarti,Thermocyclops brevifurcatus and Microcyclops varicans.The annual mean density of copepod was（8.6±16.6） ind·L^-1 and the biomass was（0.083 6±0.143 1） mg·L^-1.The standing crop of copepod had its first peak in July,the second in October and the bottom in January.The highest trophic level was measured at Site 1,decreasing along the flowing direction of the water current,and the lowest level was found at Site 10.The Margelf index remained low in winter and spring,but was increased in summer and autumn.The community structure of copepod was analyzed in relation to water quality parameters by canonical correspondence analysis（CCA）.Water temperature,pH,nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,TN,TP and dissolved oxygen were strongly correlated with the copepod community structure.