基于被动采样技术的垃圾焚烧厂及周边大气中PAHs分布研究

Pilot Study on PAHs of the Atmosphere Around the Refuse Incineration Plant Based on the Technology of Passive Sampling

垃圾焚烧是大气PAHs污染的重要来源,为监测垃圾焚烧过程产生的PAHs,利用被动采样技术对垃圾焚烧厂及周边大气中的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了定量分析.结果表明,PAHs总量为146.29～396.30 ng·d-1,其中气相中PAHs为128.03～377.05 ng·d-1,颗粒相中PAHs为10.698～19.251 ng·d-1.气相中PAHs组成以菲、荧蒽、芴等低环化合物为主,菲的含量高达55.1%.选定松针作为被动植物样品,测得松针中PAHs的浓度为651.88～1 044.43 ng·g-1;考察土壤中PAHs的分布特征,测得土壤中PAHs浓度为35.04～998.89 ng·g-1.被动采样和松针、土壤中所含的PAHs分布特征相似,说明被动采样能反映PAHs在环境中的真实积累情况.此外,通过比较主动采样与被动采样结果,表明两者对大气中PAHs的富集能达到基本一致的效果.

Waste incineration is the main source of PAHs pollution of the atmosphere.In order to monitor the PAHs produced during the process of incineration,methods of quantitatively analysis for the PAHs of the atmosphere around the refuse incineration plant has been used on the basis of passive sampling technology.The result shows that the quantum of PAHs ranged 146.29-396.30 ng·d^-1,among which gaseous phase ranged 128.03-377.05 ng·d^-1,particulate phase ranged 10.698-19.251 ng·d^-1.Low ring compounds like phenanthrene,fluoranthene,fluorene make up the most of PAHs of gaseous phase in the atmosphere,in which phenanthrene reaches up to 55.1%.Pine needles are picked as passive plant samples,and the result shows that the concentration of PAHs in pine needles ranged 651.88-1 044.43 ng·g-1.The distribution characteristics of PAHs in the soil reveals that the concentration of PAHs in the soil ranged 35.04-998.89 ng·g-1.The PAHs distributions in passive sampling,pines and soil are extremely similar,which indicates that the passive samplings can reflect the real PAHs accumulation conditions in the environment.Besides,the results of passive sampling were compared with active sampling,and both accumulation abilities work almost the same.