俄罗斯普通高中侧重专业式教学研究

The Emphasis on Major-Oriented Educational Research in Russia

俄罗斯于2002年颁布文件,开始推行侧重专业式教学。2011年,进一步完善该课程体系,划分38个专业,以普通类为主,也包括技术类、艺术类等领域。高中学生在一定的共同基础课程之上,据此进行专业导向的选修,并参加全国统一组织的高考。高考要求必考俄语,再考核若干专业侧重科目。俄罗斯侧重专业式教学,兼顾了学生的全面发展和个别发展,且高考制度能够与其协调,为我国普通高中课程和高考招生体制改革提供了一个可资借鉴的样本。

Since the document was issued in 2002, the major-oriented education policy has been implemented. In order to perfect the curriculum system, there have emerged 38 majors with ordinary, technique and art as the major ones. On the basis of common curriculum, high school students have selective courses in accord with their majors and attend national college entrance examination, which requires the exams of Russian and other major-oriented courses. Paying much attention to major-oriented education, Russia attempts to keep balance between well-rounded development and individual development. Furthermore, the national college entrance examination could provide constructive suggestion for the high school course planning and college enrollment system reform.