汉简所见河西边郡“盗贼”考论

A Study on the "Daozei"(Thieves) in the Frontier Region of Hexi Based on the Han Dynasty Bamboo and Wooden Slips

本以防御匈奴为第一要务的汉塞戍吏却担负着"备盗贼"的治安职责,这缘于河西边塞的"盗贼"不仅包括匈奴,也有境内的叛逆者、盗窃者、贼燔者、边塞当地斗伤、贼杀人者,中原内地因犯罪而隐匿于此的亡命者,更有戍守边塞的吏卒兰越汉塞逃入匈奴者。河西边郡盗贼的活动空间广阔,分布地域广泛,复杂性、偶发性、不间断性和危害性极大是其突出特征。汉朝政府灵活调整策略,赋予戍边军吏"备盗贼"之职,凭依着汉塞整体性的军事防御构建,充分发挥汉塞既是抵御外族侵扰的最外围防线,又是汉朝境内维持社会治安的最后一道屏障的二重功用,使戍吏肩负起军事防御和境内治安管理的双重角色,有效地化解了边塞盗贼带来的国防隐患问题。

Defending against the Hurls was the top task for the Han garrison officials, but they also had to take on security duties such as guarding against ＂thieves and robbers＂ because these ＂thieves and robbers＂ included not only the Hurls, but also the traitors, domestic thieves, local criminals, hidden fugitives from the Central Plains, and even the Hart Dynasty soldiers who joined the Huns. They were active sporadically in almost every place and seriously endangered frontier security. With flexible strategy, the garrison officials were charged with the task to fight against ＂thieves and robbers＂ with the help of the overall military defensive fortification, playing their dual role in frontier regions and effectively avoiding hidden troubles brought by these thieves and robbers.